ASTM F44-21
(Specification)Standard Specification for Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Specification for Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic (Withdrawn 2023)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for powdered refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives. These coatings are applied to ceramic bodies in order to join ceramic bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of brazing or soldering. Included in this specification are requirements for a secondary metallic layer which is usually applied over the refractory metal layer. Two levels of quality for uniformity of metallizing are discussed, Level A and Level B. These levels discuss conditions and requirements needed in order to accept the uniformity of metallizing. Thickness of metallizing shall be measured using a metallurgical microscope. A polished cross-section that is perpendicular to the metallized surfaced is measured. The particles in the metallized layer must be sintered in order to form a dense matrix when viewed in cross section at 400 times. This cross section will indicate the extent of threedimensional sintering. A torque peel test and a tension test shall be performed in order to determine the bond strength of brazed metallized ceramics. Vacuum tightness of the brazed metallized ceramics shall also be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for powdered refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives. These coatings are applied to ceramic bodies to join ceramic bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of brazing or soldering. Included in this specification are requirements for a secondary metallic layer which is usually applied over the refractory metal layer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered requirements for powdered refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives. These coatings are applied to ceramic bodies to join ceramic bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of brazing or soldering.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this specification was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because Committee F01 was disbanded.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F44 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF44;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope phase of which must be crystalline. A glassy intercrystalline
matrix may be present as one of the minor phases.
1.1 This specification covers requirements for powdered
3.1.2 metallizing— on a ceramic, is a process whereby a
refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives.
These coatings are applied to ceramic bodies to join ceramic sinteredmatrixofmetalparticlesfirmlyadherestotheceramic.
bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of
3.1.3 refractory metals—those metals with melting points
brazing or soldering. Included in this specification are require-
equaltoorhigherthanthatofchromium.Therefore,thisgroup
ments for a secondary metallic layer which is usually applied
includes chromium, columbium, molybdenum, rhenium,
over the refractory metal layer.
tantalum, and tungsten.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4. Ordering Information
standard.
4.1 The manufacturer and purchaser shall agree upon spe-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cific quality levels as outlined in the following sections:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.1 Uniformity of metallizing (Section 5),
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.2 Thickness of metallizing (Section 6),
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.3 Secondary metal layer on the metallizing (Section 9),
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.4 Values for bond strength (Section 10), and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.5 Vacuum tightness of brazed metallized ceramic as-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
semblies (dependent on allowable use of manufacturer’s prod-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
uct) (Section 11).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Uniformity of Metallizing
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Either of the following two levels of quality may be
agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser, depending
2. Referenced Documents
upon end use, seal area, and geometry.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Level A—Less Demanding Application:
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
5.2.1 Thin areas where the ceramic substrate can usually be
F19Test Method for Tension and Vacuum Testing Metal-
lized Ceramic Seals seen without magnification through the metallizing will be
acceptable only if all the following conditions are met:
3. Terminology
5.2.1.1 There are no more than two such areas on any one
coated band, spot, or pattern detail.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2.1.2 Theirextremitiesarenocloserthan10%ofthetotal
3.1.1 ceramics—as referred to in this specification are
band length to each other.
understood to be inorganic, nonmetallic materials, the major
5.2.1.3 They are no wider than 10% of the width of the
band but not exceeding 1 mm.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on 5.2.1.4 Theircumulativelengthdoesnotexceed25%ofthe
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
total band length.
Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.
5.2.2 Defects such as brush marks, screen marks, marks in
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
themetallizingleftbyforeignmattersuchaslint,dust,etc.,and
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F44–16. DOI:
10.1520/F0044-21.
pits or blisters, will be acceptable if they meet the four
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
conditions outlined in 5.2.1.1 through 5.2.1.4. Such defects
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
will also be acceptable if their raised edges do not interfere
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with proper assembly of the joint.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F44−21
5.2.3 Projections on metallized
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F44 − 16 F44 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F44; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for powdered refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives. These
coatings are applied to ceramic bodies in order to join ceramic bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of brazing
or soldering. Included in this specification are requirements for a secondary metallic layer which is usually applied over the
refractory metal layer.
1.2 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered No other units of measurement are included
in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
F19 Test Method for Tension and Vacuum Testing Metallized Ceramic Seals
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 ceramics—as referred to in this specification are understood to be inorganic, nonmetallic materials, the major phase of which
must be crystalline. A glassy intercrystalline matrix may be present as one of the minor phases.
3.1.2 metallizing— on a ceramic, is a process whereby a sintered matrix of metal particles firmly adheres to the ceramic.
3.1.3 refractory metals—those metals with melting points equal to or higher than that of chromium. Therefore, this group includes
chromium, columbium, molybdenum, rhenium, tantalum, and tungsten.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic Materials, Wire
Bonding, and Flip Chip.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016April 1, 2021. Published May 2016April 2021. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as F44-95
(2011). –16. DOI: 10.1520/F0044-16.10.1520/F0044-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F44 − 21
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The manufacturer and purchaser shall agree upon specific quality levels as outlined in the following sections:
4.1.1 Uniformity of metallizing (Section 5),
4.1.2 Thickness of metallizing (Section 6),
4.1.3 Secondary metal layer on the metallizing (Section 9),
4.1.4 Values for bond strength (Section 10), and
4.1.5 Vacuum tightness of brazed metallized ceramic assemblies (dependent on allowable use of manufacturer’s product) (Section
11).
5. Uniformity of Metallizing
5.1 Either of the following two levels of quality may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser, depending upon end
use, seal area, and geometry.
5.2 Level A—Less Demanding Application:
5.2.1 Thin areas where the ceramic substrate can usually be seen without magnification through the metallizing will be acceptable
only if all of the following conditions are met:
5.2.1.1 There are no more than two such areas on any one coated band, spot, or pattern detail.
5.2.1.2 Their extremities are no closer than 10 % of the total band length to each other.
5.2.1.3 They are no wider than 10 % of the width of the band but not exceeding 1 mm.
5.2.1.4 Their cumulative length does no
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F44 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F44; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope phase of which must be crystalline. A glassy intercrystalline
matrix may be present as one of the minor phases.
1.1 This specification covers requirements for powdered
refractory metal coatings produced with or without additives. 3.1.2 metallizing— on a ceramic, is a process whereby a
sintered matrix of metal particles firmly adheres to the ceramic.
These coatings are applied to ceramic bodies to join ceramic
bodies to metals or to other metallized ceramics by means of
3.1.3 refractory metals—those metals with melting points
brazing or soldering. Included in this specification are require-
equal to or higher than that of chromium. Therefore, this group
ments for a secondary metallic layer which is usually applied
includes chromium, columbium, molybdenum, rhenium,
over the refractory metal layer.
tantalum, and tungsten.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Ordering Information
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.1 The manufacturer and purchaser shall agree upon spe-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cific quality levels as outlined in the following sections:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.1 Uniformity of metallizing (Section 5),
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.2 Thickness of metallizing (Section 6),
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.3 Secondary metal layer on the metallizing (Section 9),
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.4 Values for bond strength (Section 10), and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.5 Vacuum tightness of brazed metallized ceramic as-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
semblies (dependent on allowable use of manufacturer’s prod-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
uct) (Section 11).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Uniformity of Metallizing
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Either of the following two levels of quality may be
agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser, depending
2. Referenced Documents
upon end use, seal area, and geometry.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Level A—Less Demanding Application:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
F19 Test Method for Tension and Vacuum Testing Metal- 5.2.1 Thin areas where the ceramic substrate can usually be
seen without magnification through the metallizing will be
lized Ceramic Seals
acceptable only if all the following conditions are met:
3. Terminology
5.2.1.1 There are no more than two such areas on any one
coated band, spot, or pattern detail.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2.1.2 Their extremities are no closer than 10 % of the total
3.1.1 ceramics—as referred to in this specification are
band length to each other.
understood to be inorganic, nonmetallic materials, the major
5.2.1.3 They are no wider than 10 % of the width of the
band but not exceeding 1 mm.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on 5.2.1.4 Their cumulative length does not exceed 25 % of the
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
total band length.
Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.
5.2.2 Defects such as brush marks, screen marks, marks in
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
the metallizing left by foreign matter such as lint, dust, etc., and
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F44–16. DOI:
10.1520/F0044-21.
pits or blisters, will be acceptable if they meet the four
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
conditions outlined in 5.2.1.1 through 5.2.1.4. Such defects
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
will also be acceptable if their raised edges do not interfere
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with proper assembly of the joint.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F44 − 21
5.2.3 Projections on metallized surfaces, such as oversized 9. Secondary Metallic
...
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