ASTM F1922-98(2005)

Standard Test Method for Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicular, Highway

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method establishes a standard procedure of comparative testing, for tire durability and treadwear, for the use of approving tires under the Administrator’Cooperative Approved Tire List (CATL) (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test measures comparative tire durability and treadwear. This test method covers commercially available, over the highway pneumatic tires, new and retreaded, both tube type and tubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars, station wagons, pursuit and emergency high speed and pursuit passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium to heavy trucks, trailers, buses, and similar vehicles normally operated on public roads and highways. This test method also covers commercially available, special application light truck tires for operation on non-improved road surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2005
• ICS: 83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres
• Technical Committee: F09 - Tires
• Drafting Committee: F09.20 - Vehicular Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1922-98 - Standard Test Method for Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicular, Highway
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F2869-10(2016) - Standard Practice for Radial Light Truck Tires to Establish Equivalent Test Severity Between a 1.707-m (67.23-in.) Diameter Rotating Roadwheel and a Flat Surface
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1922 − 98(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicular, Highway
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This ASTM Standard has been developed to replace ASTM Provisional Standard PS 63-97. The
provisional standard was approved so that the U.S. military and other government agencies could
continue to purchase tested and qualified tires, until F1922 had been approved. The provisional
standard replaced the government’s specification ZZ-T-381, Federal Specification, Tires, Pneumatic,
Vehicular, Highway, under the former Federal Tire Program. That program was discontinued and is
replaced by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Command’s Cooperative Tire Qualification Program
(CTQP).Whilefulfillingthemilitary’scommercialandtacticalneeds,theCTQPwillcontinuetoserve
federal, state and local agencies that want to purchase qualified tires using this test method.
This test method is designed to be used in conjunction with the Administrator’s Approval and
Requirements Manual (CTQPF1922) (1), to qualify tires for purchase primarily by the U.S. federal
government, military, and other state and local entities.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers comparative tire durability and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
treadwear. This test method covers commercially available, D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
overthehighwaypneumatictires,newandretreaded,bothtube ness
type and tubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars, F414Test Method for Energy Absorbed by a Tire When
station wagons, pursuit and emergency high speed and pursuit Deformed by Slow-Moving Plunger
passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium to heavy truck, F538Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
trailers, buses, and similar vehicles normally operated on formance of Tires
public roads and highways. This test method also covers F1806Practice for Tire Testing Operations–Basic Concepts
commerciallyavailable,specialapplicationlighttrucktiresfor and Terminology for Reference Tire Use
operation on non-improved road surfaces.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 alignment, n—the adjustment of various parts of the
only.
vehicle’ssuspensionsystemtoensureproperhandlingstability
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and to minimize abnormal tire treadwear.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 balancing, n—a process to correct for heavy or light
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
areas of a tire and wheel assembly.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—There are some instances where bal-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ancing is done to the tire within the factory by the manufac-
1 turer.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1922–98. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/F1922-98R05. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1922 − 98 (2005)
3.1.3 bead, n—of a tire, the part of a tire that comes in 3.1.20 overall width, n—the maximum cross-sectional
contact with the rim and is shaped to secure the tire to the rim. width of a tire, including protective or decorative ribs. F538
F538
3.1.21 paved road, n—two or more lanes, all-weather,
3.1.4 bead separation, n—a breakdown of bond between
maintained, hard surface roads with good driving visibility
tire components in the bead area.
used for heavy and high-density traffic, in accordance with the
U.S. Federal Highway Administration.
3.1.5 belt separation, n—a breakdown of bonding between
the belts or plies or tread, or combination thereof.
3.1.22 secondary road, n—two lane, occasionally main-
3.1.6 break, n—acrackortearextendingintoorthroughthe tained, hard or loose surface (for example, large rock, paved
reinforcing material.
crush rock, gravel, soil aggregate) intended for medium-
weight,low-densitytraffic,inaccordancewiththeU.S.Federal
3.1.7 candidate tire, n—a test tire that is part of a test
Highway Administration. F538
program. F1806
3.1.23 section width, n—the width of a new tire, including
3.1.8 caravan, n—for purposes of a tire test, two or more
vehicles running in the same time frame, over the same test 24-h inflation growth and including normal sidewalls, but not
course(s), under similar but independent conditions. including protective side ribs, bars, or decorations.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—A caravan can have dissimilar control
3.1.24 sidewall, n—of a tire, that portion of a tire between
groups for each vehicle in the group with independent rotation
the tread and the bead. F538
schedules for each tire group and vehicle. A caravan is
3.1.25 tire, n—a load-bearing ground-contacting circumfer-
independent and a convoy is interdependent.
ential attachment to a vehicle wheel. F538
3.1.9 casing, n—of a tire, a used or treadless tire to which
additional tread rubber may be attached for the purpose of 3.1.26 tire, bias, n—a pneumatic tire in which the ply cords
retreading. F538
thatextendtothebeadsarelaidatanglessubstantiallylessthan
90° to the center line of the tread. F538
3.1.10 control tire, n—a reference tire used in a specified
3.1.26.1 Discussion—It should be noted that the Interna-
manner throughout a test program. F1806
tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the word
3.1.11 convoy, n—in tire testing, two or more vehicles
as “bias ply tire (diagonal), n—a pneumatic tire in which the
running at the same time, over the same test course, under the
ply cords extending to the beads are laid at alternate angles
same interdependent conditions.
substantially less than 90 degrees to the center line of the
3.1.12 cord, n—in a tire, filament(s) or plied yarns used in
tread.”
making a tire ply. F538
3.1.27 tire, radial, n—a pneumatic tire in which the ply
3.1.13 cross-country track, n—surface not subject to re-
cordsthatextendtothebeadsarelaidsubstantiallyat90°tothe
peated traffic in addition, no roads, routes, well-worn trails or
centerlineofthetread,thetirebeingstabilizedbyabelt. F538
man-made improvements; can consist of tank trails with
3.1.27.1 Discussion—It should be noted that the Interna-
crushed rock or having large exposed obstacles (rocks, boul-
tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the word
ders, etc.).
as “radial tire, n—a pneumatic tire structure in which the ply
3.1.14 gravel road, n—two lane, all-weather, occasionally
cords extend to the beads and are laid substantially at 90
maintained, hard or loose surface (for example, large rock,
degrees to the center line of the tread, the carcass being
paved, crushed rock, gravel) intended for medium-weight,
stabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt.”
low-density traffic, in accordance with the U.S. Federal High-
way Administration. 3.1.28 tread, n—of a tire, the part of a tire that comes in
contact with the ground. F538
3.1.15 groove, n—a void that is relatively narrow compared
to its length. F538
3.1.29 tread arc width, n—the length of the arc measured
from one extreme of tread design proper to the opposite
3.1.16 groove (void) depth, n—measurement of the perpen-
extreme;thatis,fromshouldertoshoulderperpendiculartothe
dicular distance from a real or calculated reference defined by
circumferential center line. F538
edges of two adjacent ribs (lugs) to the lowest point of contact
in the groove (void). F538
3.1.30 tread radius, n—the radius of a circle whose arc best
3.1.17 load range, n—a letter designation (A, B, C, D) or, fits the tread surface when radius template used in head
for P-metric tires, standard load (SL) or extra load (XL), used
perpendicular to the circumferential center line of an inflated
to identify a given size tire with its load and inflation limits tire. F538
when used in a specific type of service. F538
4. Significance and Use
3.1.18 load rating, n—the maximum load a tire is rated to
carry for a given usage at a specified cold inflation pressure.
4.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of
F538
comparative testing, for tire durability and treadwear, for the
use of approving tires under the Administrator’s Cooperative
3.1.19 outside diameter, n—the maximum diameter of a tire
when it is mounted and inflated. F538 Approved Tire List (CATL) (2).
F1922 − 98 (2005)
5. Procedure Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers’ Association, Inc., Year
Book (9).Theairusedforinflatingtiresortubes,orboth,shall
5.1 Procedures for testing passenger car, light truck, and
be filtered to remove oil, dirt and water.Any pieces of rubber
truck-bus tires are contained in Methods 1, 2, and 3, respec-
(vents, flash, etc.) remaining on the tire tread after trimming,
tively. Procedures for testing Off Road Severe Application
that may interfere with proper tire measurements, shall be
(ORSA) tires are contained in Method 4.
removed. Tire and wheel shall be dynamically balanced. Tire
5.2 Method 1—Passenger Car Tires:
measurements shall be recorded as detailed in theAdministra-
5.2.1 Selection and Preparation of the Test Tires:
tor’s Approval and Requirements Manual for use with F1922
5.2.1.1 All tires shall meet specified requirements of 49
(1). Rims used for mounting passenger car tires are to be
CFR571FederalMotorVehicleSafetyStandard109,110,117
placed on the test vehicle(s) and shall not have more than
(3); part 574 (4) ; part 575.104 (5); as well as state and local
0.9mm (0.034 in.) lateral and radial runout. If an anomaly is
regulations, as applicable. All tire sidewall markings shall be
noted, the rim shall be discarded.
recorded.
5.2.5 Test Procedures:
5.2.1.2 Retreaded tires submitted for testing shall meet the
5.2.5.1 Tread Measurements—Measurements shall be taken
requirements in the Administrator’s Approval and Require-
every 5149 km (3200 miles) and shall begin following the
ments Manual for Tire, Pneumatic: Retreaded and Repaired
1287km (800 mile) break-in period. Measurements shall not
(CTQP-441) (6).
be made on the treadwear indicators.
5.2.2 Tire Durability and Treadwear Road Test—The dura-
5.2.5.2 Control Tire Selection—New and retreaded tires
bility and treadwear road tests shall be performed at a
shall be tested separately. Testing for new tires shall incorpo-
commercial test facility acceptable to theAdministrator or at a
rate a new passenger car tire as the control tire, and testing for
Government test facility as specified.
retreaded tires shall incorporate a retread passenger car tire as
5.2.3 Vehicle(s) Selection and Preparation—The vehicle(s)
the control tire.
used for testing passenger car tires shall be of the same
5.2.5.3 Tire Rotation Procedure—The tire rotation period
manufacture,modelandmodelyear,haveidenticaldrivetrains
foreachpassengercartireshallbeateach1287km(800mile)
(engine CID and horsepower, transmissions, and rear axle
increment of the test (25 rotation periods). Each test tire shall
ratio), brake shoes/disc pads and drums/rotors, suspension
be rotated to a different wheel position at each tire rotation
components, etc., and be of identical curb weight. All ve-
period of the test. Each test tire shall be rotated to another
hicle(s) used for testing shall be rear wheel drive. The load on
vehicleafterbeingmountedontwopositionsofavehicle.Each
each wheel shall not be less than 85% nor more than 90% of
test tire is to be rotated to a different wheel position at each
the maximum single load of the test tire for passenger car, as
prescribed rotation period (see Administrator’s Approval and
specifiedinTheTireandRimAssociation,Inc.,YearBook (7),
Requirements Manual for use with F1922 (1)). The rotation
TheEuropeanTyreandRimTechnicalOrganization,Standards
patternistobearearward-crosspatterninwhichthetireonthe
Manual (8), or the Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers’
forwardaxleofthetestvehicleismovedtotherearaxleofthat
Association, Inc., Year Book (9). After the vehicle(s) is (are)
vehicle on the opposite side. The tire on the rear axle is to be
correctlyloaded,it(they)shallstandfor24h.Ifthesuspension
rotated to the forward axle of the next test vehicle in the
bottoms out during this period, the vehicle(s) shall not be used
convoy on the same side. The tire on the rear axle of the last
toconductthetest.Aconstantweightshallbemaintainedinthe
testvehicleintheconvoyistobemovedtothefrontmostaxle
driver’s seat area that will equate the driver to that of the
on the same side of the first test vehicle in the convoy. When
heaviest driver in the caravan.All axles of the vehicle(s) shall
only a single test vehicle is involved, the tire rotation shall
be aligned in accordance with the vehicle manufacturers’
continue on that vehicle for the duration of the test. The test
specificationspriortothebeginningofthetest.Thisalignment
vehicle shall remain in the same order in the convoy through-
shallbecheckedateachtirerotationperiod.Anychangeinthe
out the entire test for any particular type of tire.
vehicle’s(s’) or wheel’s(s’) alignment outside the manufactur-
5.2.5.4 Test Course Procedure—The test course for passen-
er’s specifications shall be recorded and corrected. Vehicle(s)
ger car tires shall consist of 32 180 6 32 km (20 000 6 20
shall be inspected before each test period for loose steering
miles) of paved operation for each tire.The first 1287 km (800
linkage, loose suspension components, loose wheel nuts, dam-
miles) shall be a break-in period. At least 80% of the paved
aged rims, etc. If an anomaly is noted, it shall be recorded and
surfacetestshallbeconductedatnolessthan88kph(55mph)
corrected. Tires of different sizes or constructions shall not be
and no more than 105 kph (65 mph).The remaining portion of
mixed on any test vehicle(s). Tires of each group shall be
the test shall be conducted between
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