ASTM D4740-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The four procedures in this test method are used alone or in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge formation, or similar operating problems.
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating problems.
5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the cleanliness procedures (manual and automated), suspended solids can precipitate when the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or higher in the compatibility procedures (manual and automated).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm2s) at 100 °C. This test method describes two protocols: one manual and one automated.
Note 1: This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and contain no residual asphaltene.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D4740 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Spot Sheet
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for deter-
miningthecleanlinessofresidualfueloilandthecompatibility
3. Terminology
of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to
2
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see
residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s)
Terminology D4175.
at 100 °C. This test method describes two protocols: one
manual and one automated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 blend stock, n—one component or more components
NOTE 1—This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate
used to make a final fuel product.
having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and
contain no residual asphaltene.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In heavy fuel oils, blend stocks include
various refinery streams ranging from kerosine to heavy
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
distillates, residuals, and asphalts.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.2.2 cleanliness, n—of residual fuel, the concentration of
suspended solids in a finished sample.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The lower the concentration of sus-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pended solids, the cleaner the residual fuel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- stock are mixed together.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Cleanliness Procedures, Manual and Automated—A
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
drop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a test paper and placed in an oven at 100 °C.After 1 h, the test
paper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot is
2. Referenced Documents
examined for evidence of suspended solids and rated for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.2 Compatibility Procedures, Manual and Automated—A
Petroleum Products
blend composed of equal volumes of the sample fuel oil and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
the blend stock is tested in the same way as described in 4.1
Fuels, and Lubricants
and rated for compatibility against D4740 Adjunct Reference
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Spot Sheet.
Petroleum Products
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.1 Thefourproceduresinthistestmethodareusedaloneor
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4740 – 04 (2014).
formation, or similar operating problems.
DOI: 10.1520/D4740-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4740 − 19
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel 6.1.3 Oven—Any convection oven capable of maintaining
oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4740 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) D4740 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a
2
residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s) at
100°C.100 °C. This test method describes two protocols: one manual and one automated.
NOTE 1—This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and contain
no residual asphaltene.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Spot Sheet
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology D4175.
3.2 DescriptionsDefinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 blend stock, n—a finished residual fuel oil or fuel oil component, including petroleum streams ranging from kerosine to
residuals and asphalt.one component or more components used to make a final fuel product.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In heavy fuel oils, blend stocks include various refinery streams ranging from kerosine to heavy distillates, residuals, and asphalts.
3.2.2 cleanliness, n—of residual fuel, the absenceconcentration of suspended solids in a finished sample.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published July 2014June 2019. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D4740 – 04 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4740-04R14.10.1520/D4740-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4740 − 19
The lower the concentration of suspended solids, the cleaner the residual fuel.
3.2.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend stock are
mixed together.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Cleanliness Procedure—Procedures, Manual and Automated—A drop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put
on a test paper and placed in an oven at 100°C.100 °C. After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot
is examined for evidence of suspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
4.2 Compatibility Procedure—Procedures, Manual and Automated—A blend composed of equal volumes of the s
...
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