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ASTM E2165-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Withdrawn 2007)

Standard Practice for Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a model for establishing ISO 17025-compliant uncertainty budgets for the chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials. It is based on applying the Horwitz function to widely accepted, diverse interlaboratory test programs, such as interlaboratory testing of standard test methods and proficiency testing programs. This function expresses the interlaboratory standard deviations that can be expected for any concentration level as competent laboratories use optimized test procedures to analyze any matrix for any analyte. It may be used to set aim uncertainties against which to plan new standard test methods and to assess the performance of existing test methods.
1.2 An optimized test procedure is one in which the final test results are at least equivalent to alternative, state-of-the-art procedures. In the analytical chemistry community, this means that calibrations are carried out, verified, and controlled such that the final test results have no systematic, detectable bias. The elimination of sources of bias is a key responsibility of any person who designs analytical test methods. Hence, an analytical test method that contains systematic, measurable sources of bias would probably not be accepted as an ASTM test method and its performance data would probably not be in compliance with the procedures described in this practice.
1.3 The uncertainty budget model described in this practice is based on the assumption that, in a normally distributed, bias-free environment, measurement uncertainty will improve by the square root of two with each removal of a significant source of variation. Conversely, it is assumed that measurement uncertainty will worsen by the same amount with each addition of a significant source of variation. Furthermore, this model assumes that the hierarchy of increasing variation in any composition-based measurement system begins with calibration and progresses through control to intralaboratory standard deviation to interlaboratory standard deviation to product sampling for conformity assessment. Therefore, aim values for the expected uncertainties at any process step can be predicted using this model.
1.4 When using this model, the aim values generated using this model must then be validated, verified, and documented as part of the development and interlaboratory testing of any new test method, sampling practice, and product specification, as appropriate. It is also expected that each laboratory that elects to use that standard test method will generate data to show that the standard test method complies with the published uncertainties developed during interlaboratory testing of the standard test method. The principles in this practice can also be applied to the development of test methods used to determine the composition of other materials.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice describes a model for establishing ISO 17025-compliant uncertainty budgets for the chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials. It is based on applying the Horwitz function to widely accepted, diverse interlaboratory test programs, such as interlaboratory testing of standard test methods and proficiency testing programs. This function expresses the interlaboratory standard deviations that can be expected for any concentration level as competent laboratories use optimized test procedures to analyze any matrix for any analyte. It may be used to set aim uncertainties against which to plan new standard test methods and to assess the performance of existing test methods.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E 01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials, t...

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
Withdrawal Date
12-Nov-2007
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.22 - Laboratory Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM E2823-17 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Performance-Based)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4084-23 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide in Gaseous Fuels (Lead Acetate Reaction Rate Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001

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ASTM E2165-01 - Standard Practice for Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Withdrawn 2007)ASTM E2165-01 - Standard Practice for Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Withdrawn 2007)
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ASTM E2165-01 - Standard Practice for Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Withdrawn 2007)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2165–01
Standard Practice for
Establishing an Uncertainty Budget for the Chemical
1
Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sampling for conformity assessment. Therefore, aim values for
the expected uncertainties at any process step can be predicted
1.1 This practice describes a model for establishing
using this model.
ISO 17025-compliant uncertainty budgets for the chemical
1.4 When using this model, the aim values generated using
analysis of metals, ores, and related materials. It is based on
2
this model must then be validated, verified, and documented as
applying the Horwitz function to widely accepted, diverse
part of the development and interlaboratory testing of any new
interlaboratory test programs, such as interlaboratory testing of
test method, sampling practice, and product specification, as
standard test methods and proficiency testing programs. This
appropriate. It is also expected that each laboratory that elects
function expresses the interlaboratory standard deviations that
to use that standard test method will generate data to show that
can be expected for any concentration level as competent
the standard test method complies with the published uncer-
laboratories use optimized test procedures to analyze any
taintiesdevelopedduringinterlaboratorytestingofthestandard
matrix for any analyte. It may be used to set aim uncertainties
test method. The principles in this practice can also be applied
against which to plan new standard test methods and to assess
to the development of test methods used to determine the
the performance of existing test methods.
composition of other materials.
1.2 An optimized test procedure is one in which the final
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test results are at least equivalent to alternative, state-of-the-art
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
procedures. In the analytical chemistry community, this means
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that calibrations are carried out, verified, and controlled such
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that the final test results have no systematic, detectable bias.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Theeliminationofsourcesofbiasisakeyresponsibilityofany
person who designs analytical test methods. Hence, an analyti-
2. Referenced Documents
cal test method that contains systematic, measurable sources of
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bias would probably not be accepted as anASTM test method
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
and its performance data would probably not be in compliance
Metals, Ores and Related Materials
with the procedures described in this practice.
E 1282 Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions
1.3 The uncertainty budget model described in this practice
and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analy-
is based on the assumption that, in a normally distributed,
sis Methods for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
bias-free environment, measurement uncertainty will improve
E 1329 Practice for Verification and Use of Control Charts
by the square root of two with each removal of a significant
in Spectrochemical Analysis
source of variation. Conversely, it is assumed that measure-
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ment uncertainty will worsen by the same amount with each
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
addition of a significant source of variation. Furthermore, this
E 2027 Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the
modelassumesthatthehierarchyofincreasingvariationinany
Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
composition-based measurement system begins with calibra-
E 2053 Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting
tion and progresses through control to intralaboratory standard
Traceable ChemicalAnalyses of Metals, Ores, and Related
deviation to interlaboratory standard deviation to product
Materials
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
3
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee E01.22 on Statistics and Quality Control. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Standards volume information, refer to the st
...

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of cadmium are primarily intended to test such material for compliance with compositional specifications in Specification B440. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of cadmium having chemical compositions with the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, max, %  
Antimony  
0.001  
Arsenic  
0.003  
Copper  
0.015  
Lead  
0.025  
Silver  
0.010  
Thallium  
0.003  
Tin  
0.010  
Zinc  
0.035  
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Sections  
Antimony by the Rhodamine B Spectrophotometric Method
[0.0002 % to 0.0010 %]  
62 – 72  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
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Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method [0.002 % to 0.030 %]  
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Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Method [0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
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4.1 A result must be stated to a sufficient number of digits so that a user receives both quantitative information and a measure of the variability of the value reported.  
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5.1 Ideally, interlaboratory testing of a method is conducted by a randomly chosen group of laboratories that typifies the kind of laboratory that is likely to use the method. In actuality, this ideal is only approximated by the laboratories that are available and willing to undertake the test work. The coordinator of the program must ensure that every participating laboratory has appropriate facilities and personnel and performs the method exactly as written. If this goal is achieved, the statistics developed during the ILS will be adequate for determining if the method is capable of producing satisfactory precision in actual use. If the program includes certified reference materials, the test data also provide information concerning the accuracy of the method. The statistics provide a general guide to the expected performance of the method.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of cadmium are primarily intended to test such material for compliance with compositional specifications in Specification B440. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of cadmium having chemical compositions with the following limits:
ElementConcentration, max, %   Antimony0.001 Arsenic0.003 Copper0.015 Lead0.025 Silver0.010 Thallium0.003 Tin0.010 Zinc0.035
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections Antimony by the Rhodamine B Photometric Method
[0.0002 to 0.0010%]62-72 Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method
[0.001 to 0.005%]40-50 Copper by the Neocuproine Photometric Method [0.002 to 0.030%] 10-19 Copper, Lead, Silver, and Zinc by the Atomic Absorption Method [0.004 to 0.02% Cu, 0.01 to 0.05% Pb, 0.004 to 0.02 % Ag
and 0.01 to 0.05% Zn]51-61 Lead by the Dithizone Photometric Method [0.001 to 0.05%]20-29 Thallium by the Rhodamine B Photometric Method
[0.0003 to 0.005%]30-39 Tin by the 8-Quinolinol Photometric Method [0.0025 to 0.0150%]73-82
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 6 and 25.8.

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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cadmium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of cadmium are primarily intended to test such material for compliance with compositional specifications in Specification B440. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of cadmium having chemical compositions with the following limits:
ElementComposition, max, %   Antimony0.001 Arsenic0.003 Copper0.015 Lead0.025 Silver0.010 Thallium0.003 Tin0.010 Zinc0.035
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections Antimony by the Rhodamine B Spectrophotometric Method
[0.0002 % to 0.0010 %]62-72 Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]40-50 Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method [0.002 % to 0.030 %] 10-19 Copper, Lead, Silver, and Zinc by the Atomic Absorption Method [0.004 % to 0.02 % Cu, 0.01 % to 0.05 % Pb, 0.004 % to 0.02 % Ag
and 0.01 % to 0.05 % Zn]51-61 Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Method [0.001 % to 0.05 %]20-29 Thallium by the Rhodamine B Spectrophotometric Method
[0.0003 % to 0.005%]30-39 Tin by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method [0.0025 % to 0.0150 %]73-82
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 6, 25.8, 35.2, and 35.3.

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