ASTM E1543-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice gives an objective measure of the temperature sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
Note 1: Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
5.2 This practice affords a convenient means for periodically monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging system.
5.3 NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature difference as described in Practice E1213. Thus, an increase in NETD may be manifest as a loss of detail in imagery.
5.4 Intercomparisons based solely on NETD figures may be misleading.
Note 2: NETD depends on various factors such as spectral bandwidth and background temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NEΔT) of thermal imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared (FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scanner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric vidicons.
1.2 Parts of this practice have been formulated under the assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background temperature of 295°K (22°C). Besides nonuniformity, examinations made at other background temperatures may result in impairment of precision and bias.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1543 −14
Standard Practice for
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal
1
Imaging Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* body (surface with emissivity of 1.0), usually a cavity or a flat
plate with a structured or coated surface having a stable and
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the noise
uniform temperature.
equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NE∆T) of thermal
3.1.2 dwell time—the time spent, during one frame, in
imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared
scanning one angular dimension of a single pixel (picture
(FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scan-
element) of the image within the instantaneous field of view
ner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric
(IFOV) of a detector. Thus, for example, if a single pixel is
vidicons.
scanned n times during one frame, the dwell time is given by
1.2 Parts of this practice have been formulated under the
n times the duration of a single scan of the pixel.
assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background
3.1.3 FLIR—an acronym for forward-looking infrared,
temperature of 295°K (22°C). Besides nonuniformity, exami-
originally implying airborne, now denoting any fast-frame
nations made at other background temperatures may result in
thermal imaging system comparable to that of television and
impairment of precision and bias.
yielding real-time displays. Generally, these systems employ
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
optical-mechanical scanning mechanisms.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.4 See also Section J: Infrared Examination, of Termi-
standard.
nology E1316.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The target is a blackbody source of uniform temperature
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that is viewed by the infrared thermal imaging system through
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
an aperture of prescribed size. A specified temperature differ-
ence is established between the target and its background.
2. Referenced Documents
Measurements are made of the peak-to-peak signal voltage
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from the target and the RMS noise voltage from the
E1213 Practice for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Dif-
background, both across a standard reference filter, and of the
ference for Thermal Imaging Systems
target and background temperatures. From these measured
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
values, the NETD is calculated.
3. Terminology
5. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions:
5.1 This practice gives an objective measure of the tempera-
3.1.1 blackbody simulator—a device that produces an emis-
ture sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a
sion spectrum closely approximating that emitted by a black-
standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis
on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
NOTE 1—Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on
Specialized NDT Methods.
5.2 This practice affords a convenient means for periodi-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
cally monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1543 - 00(2011).
system.
DOI: 10.1520/E1543–14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature dif-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ference as described in Practice E1213. Thus, an increase in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NETD may be manifest as a loss of detail in imagery.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1543−14
5.4 Intercomparisons based solely on NETD figures may be
misleading.
NOTE 2—NETD depends on various factors such as spectral bandwidth
an
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1543 − 00 (Reapproved 2011) E1543 − 14
Standard Test Method Practice for
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal
1
Imaging Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NEΔT) of thermal
imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared (FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scanner; it
does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric vidicons.
1.2 Parts of this test method have been formulated under the assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background
temperature of 295°K (22°C). Besides nonuniformity, tests made at other background temperatures may result in impairment of
precision and bias.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1213 Practice for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blackbody simulator—a device that produces an emission spectrum closely approximating that emitted by a blackbody
(surface with emissivity of 1.0), usually a cavity or a flat plate with a structured or coated surface having a stable and uniform
temperature.
3.1.2 dwell time—the time spent, during one frame, in scanning one angular dimension of a single pixel (picture element) of
the image within the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of a detector. Thus, for example, if a single pixel is scanned n times during
one frame, the dwell time is given by n times the duration of a single scan of the pixel.
3.1.3 FLIR—an acronym for forward-looking infrared, originally implying airborne, now denoting any fast-frame thermal
imaging system comparable to that of television and yielding real-time displays. Generally, these systems employ optical-
mechanical scanning mechanisms.
3.1.4 See also Section J: Infrared Examination, of Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The target is a blackbody source of uniform temperature that is viewed by the infrared thermal imaging system through an
aperture of prescribed size. A specified temperature difference is established between the target and its background. Measurements
are made of the peak-to-peak signal voltage from the target and the RMS noise voltage from the background, both across a standard
reference filter, and of the target and background temperatures. From these measured values, the NETD is calculated.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on
Specialized NDT Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2014. Published March 2012October 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
E1543 - 00(2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/E1543-00R11.10.1520/E1543–14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1543 − 14
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method gives an objective measure of the temperature sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a
standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
NOTE 1—Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
5.2 This test method affords a convenient means for periodically monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging
system.
5.3 NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature differenc
...
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