ASTM E604-83(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The DT energy value is a measure of resistance to rapid progressive fracturing. In a number of applications, the enhanced resistance that may develop during about one plate thickness of crack extension from a sharp notch is of major interest. In the test method, a sufficiently long fracture path is provided so that the results serve as a measure of this property.
Fracture surfaces of nonaustenitic steels tested in their temperature transition region have areas that appear bright and areas that appear dull. The bright, faceted appearing areas are termed “cleavage” fracture, and the dull appearing areas are termed “shear” fracture after their respective mode of fracture on a micro scale.
This test method can serve the following purposes:
In research and development, to evaluate the effects of metallurgical variables such as composition, processing, or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as forming and welding on the dynamic tear fracture resistance of new or existing materials.
In service evaluation, to establish the suitability of a material for a specific application only where a correlation between DT energy and service performance has been established.
For information, specifications of acceptance, and manufacturing quality control when a minimum DT energy is requested. Detailed discussion of the basis for determining such minimum values in a particular case is beyond the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the dynamic tear (DT) test using specimens that are 3/16 in. to 5/8 in. (5 mm to 16 mm) inclusive in thickness.
1.2 This test method is applicable to materials with a minimum thickness of 3/16 in. (5 mm).
1.3 The pressed-knife procedure described for sharpening the notch tip generally limits this test method to materials with a hardness level less than 36 HRC.
Note 1—The designation 36 HRC is a Rockwell hardness number of 36 on Rockwell C scale as defined in Test Methods E 18.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E604 − 83(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 Dynamic Tear (DT) Energy—thetotalenergyrequiredto
fractureDTspecimenstestedinaccordancewiththeprovisions
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedynamictear(DT)testusing
of this test method.
3 5
specimens that are ⁄16 in. to ⁄8 in. (5 mm to 16 mm) inclusive
in thickness.
NOTE 2—With pendulum-type machines, the DT energy is the differ-
ence between the initial and the final potential energies of the pendulum
1.2 This test method is applicable to materials with a
or pendulums.
minimum thickness of ⁄16 in. (5 mm).
NOTE 3—With drop-weight machines, the DT energy is the difference
between the initial potential energy of the hammer and the final energy of
1.3 The pressed-knife procedure described for sharpening
the hammer as determined by a calibrated energy measurement system.
the notch tip generally limits this test method to materials with
3.3 Percent Shear Fracture Appearance—Percent shear
a hardness level less than 36 HRC.
fracture appearance is the percent of the net section that
NOTE1—Thedesignation36HRCisaRockwellhardnessnumberof36
fractured in a shear mode. Net section can be either the net
on Rockwell C scale as defined in Test Methods E18.
sectionareabeforefractureortheareaoftheprojectedplaneof
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the fracture surface.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4. Summary of Test Method
and are not considered standard.
4.1 TheDTtestinvolvesasingle-edgenotchedbeamthatis
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
impact loaded in three-point bending, and the total energy loss
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
during separation is recorded.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The DT specimens are fractured with pendulum or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
drop-weight machines.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The DTenergy value is a measure of resistance to rapid
B221Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Ex-
progressive fracturing. In a number of applications, the en-
truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
hanced resistance that may develop during about one plate
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
thickness of crack extension from a sharp notch is of major
terials
interest. In the test method, a sufficiently long fracture path is
E399Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
provided so that the results serve as a measure of this property.
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
5.2 Fracture surfaces of nonaustenitic steels tested in their
3. Terminology
temperature transition region have areas that appear bright and
areas that appear dull. The bright, faceted appearing areas are
3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this Standard
termed “cleavage” fracture, and the dull appearing areas are
termed “shear” fracture after their respective mode of fracture
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
on a micro scale.
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
Impact Testing.
5.3 This test method can serve the following purposes:
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
5.3.1 Inresearchanddevelopment,toevaluatetheeffectsof
approvedasaproposedtestmethodin1975.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002
as E604–83(2002). DOI: 10.1520/E0604-83R08.
metallurgical variables such as composition, processing, or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
heattreatment,oroffabricatingoperationssuchasformingand
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
welding on the dynamic tear fracture resistance of new or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. existing materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E604 − 83 (2008)
5.3.2 In service evaluation, to establish the suitability of a
material for a specific application only where a correlation
between DT energy and service performance has been estab-
lished.
5.3.3 For information, specifications of acceptance, and
manufacturing quality control when a minimum DT energy is
requested. Detailed discussion of the basis for determining
such minimum values in a particular case is beyond the scope
of this test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 General Requirements—The testing machine shall be
either a pendulum type or a drop-weight type of capacity more
than sufficient to break the specimen in one blow. DT energy
values above 80% of the initial potential energy of the blow
are invalid. The capacity needed to conduct DT tests on most
steels is 2000 ft·lbf (2700 J) for ⁄8-in. (16-mm) and 500 ft·lbf
(700 J) for ⁄16-in. (5-mm) thick specimens. The capacity
Dimensions and Tolerance for Specimen Blank
needed to conduct DT tests on the cast irons and aluminum
Parameter Units Dimension Tolerance
alloys is less than 20% of the values given above for most
Length, L in. 7.125 ±0.125
steels.
mm 181 ±3
6.1.1 Velocity Limitations—Tests may be made at velocities Width, W in. 1.60 ±0.10
mm 41 ±2
that range from 13 to 28 ft/s (4.0 to 8.5 m/s). Velocity shall be
Thickness, B in. 0.625 ±0.035
stated as the velocity between the striker and the specimen at
mm 16 ±1
impact.Thisrangeinvelocitiescorrespondstothatofhammers Angularity, α deg 90 ±1
dropped from heights of 32 in. to 12 ft (0.8 to 3.7 m).
NOTE 1—See 9.1 for specimens less than ⁄8-in. (16 mm) thick.
6.1.2 The impact machine shall have a calibrated scale,
FIG. 1 Dynamic Tear Test Specimen, Anvil Supports, and Striker
charts, or direct reading-indicator of initial and final energy
values, or the difference between the initial and final energy
values. The scale, chart, or direct-reading indicator shall be
divided so that DT energy values can be estimated within the
square with anvil faces within 0.0025 rad. Specimen supports
following increments:
shall be coplanar within 0.005 in. (0.125 mm) and parallel
DT Energy Value Maximum Increment
within 0.002 rad.
<40 ft·lbf (54 J) 2 ft·lbf (3 J)
40–600 ft·lbf (54–800 J) 5 % of DT energy
6.2 The design of the pendulum impact machines shall
>600 ft·lbf (800 J) 30 ft·lbf (40 J)
position the center of percussion at the center of strike within
6.1.2.1 The error in the DT energy value due to an error in
1% of the distance from the center of rotation to the center of
the weight of the pendulum or the dropping weight, or due to
thestrike.Whenhangingfree,thependulumsshallhangsothat
an error in drop height, shall not exceed 1%. Windage and
the striking edge is less than 0.20 in. (5.0 mm) from the edge
frictionmaybecompensatedforbyincreasingtheheightofthe
position of the specimen.
drop, in which case the height may exceed the nominal value
6.2.1 The location of the center of percussion may be
by not over 2.0%.
determined as follows: Using a stop watch or some other
6.1.3 Thespecimenanvilandthestrikertupshallbeofsteel
suitable timer to within 0.2 s, swing the pendulum through a
hardened to a minimum hardness value of 48 HRC and shall
total angle not greater than 15°, and record the time for 100
conform to the dimensions presented in Fig. 1. Clearance
complete cycles (to and fro). Determine the center of percus-
between the sides of the hammer and anvil shall not be less
sion as follows:
than 2.0 in. (51 mm), and the center line of the striker edge
shalladvanceintheplanethatiswithin0.032in.(0.80mm)of 2
l 5 0.815ρ , todetermine l infeet (1)
the midpoint between the supporting edges of the specimen
anvils. The striker edge shall be perpendicular to the longitu- l 5 0.2485ρ2, todetermine l inmetres
dinal axis of the specimen within 0.01 rad. When in contact
where:
with the specimen, the striker edge shall be parallel within
l = distancefromtheaxistothecenterofpercussion,ft(or
0.005 rad to the face of a square test specimen held against the
m), and
anvil. Specimen supports for pendulum machines shall be
ρ = time of a complete cycle (to and fro) of the pendulum,
s.
3 6.2.2 For double-pendulum machines, the center of percus-
Pellini ,W. S., “Analytical Design Procedures for Metals of Elastic-Plastic and
Plastic Fracture Properties,” Welding Research Council Bulletin 186,August 1973. sion of each pendulum shall be determined separately.
E604 − 83 (2008)
7. Safety Hazards preciselygroundsaw,cutter,electricdischargemachine,orany
othermachiningprocessthatwillensureafinalrootradiusless
7.1 A safety screen shall surround the anvil to restrict the
than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm). These machining operations are
flight of broken specimens.
normally performed simultaneously for a group of specimens.
7.2 Precautions shall be taken to protect personnel from
9.3.2 Pressing Notch Tip—Pressing the sharp tip of the
swinging pendulums, dropping weights, flying broken
notch to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 2 is performed on
specimens,andhazardsassociatedwithspecimenwarmingand
individual specimens. The impression is made with a blade of
cooling media.
high-speed tool steel (60 HRC min), which has been ground to
8. Sampling
the dimensions presented in Fig. 3, and subsequently honed to
remove any burrs or rough edges. Any loading device with
8.1 Notation of the orientation of base metal specimens
sufficient capacity to press the knife to the prescribed depth
shall be in accordance with that recommended in Test Method
may be used. The force required to accomplish the pressing is
E399.
related to the hardness and the thickness of the specimen. The
8.2 If the thickness of the product is greater than ⁄8 in. (16
force required can be approximated by either of the following
mm), then a ⁄8-in. (16-mm) thick specimen shall be the
formulas:
standard specimen.
force lbf 5 47 3ultimatetensilestrength ksi 3B in.
~ ! ~ ! ~ !
9. Test Specimens
force N 5 2.9 3ultimatetensilestrength MPa 3B mm
~ ! ~ ! ~ !
9.1 Size of Specimens—The specimen blank shall be B by
1.60 by 7.125 in. (B by 40.6 by 181.0 mm) where B can be where B =thickness of the specimen.
3 5
from ⁄16 to ⁄8 in. (5 to 16 mm). The tolerances for these
NOTE 4—Suggested practices for measuring the pressed tip and for
dimensions are presented in Fig. 1.
pressing the notch tip are given in the Appendixes.
9.2 Notch Detail—The notch is machined to provide a
fracture path in test material of 1.125 in. (28.5 mm); the small
10. Calibration of Apparatus
extensionrequiredfornotchsharpeningisconsideredaportion
10.1 Single-Pendulum Machine—Support the pendulum
of the nominal net section. Details of the notch are shown in
horizontally (90 6 1° from the rest position) at a point most
Fig. 2, and the notch dimensions shall conform to the values
convenient to react with a weighing device such as a platform
given therein.
scale, balance, or load cell, and determine the weight within
9.3 Procedure for Preparing Notch:
0.4%. Take care to minimize friction at the bearing support
9.3.1 Rough Machining—Machine a notch to the dimen-
and the weighing support. Measure the length of the moment
sions shown in Fig. 2. The angular apex portion and particu-
arm (that is, the horizontal distance between the center of
larly the final cut on the root radius can be machined with a
rotation and a vertical line that passes through the point of
support) within 0.1%. The potential energy at any angular
position can be calculated from the following formula:
Energy 5 weight 3momentarm 1 2 cos β
~ !
where β=the angle displaced when the pendulum is rotated
from the position of rest when hanging free. An alternative
procedure may be used if the distance between the center of
rotation and the center of gravity is known within 0.1%. The
weight is then determined within 0.4%, with the pendulum
supported horizontally at a point in line with the center of
gravity. The potential energy at any position is equal to the
weighttimestheelevationofthecenterofgravityfromtherest
position.
Dimensions and Tolerances for Notch Tip
Parameter Units Dimension Tolerance
10.1.1 The friction and windage loss of energy in the
Net width, (W−a ) in. 1.125 ±0.020
machine shall not exceed 2.0% of the initial energy. The
mm 28.6 ±0.5
friction and windage loss is the difference between the poten-
Machined notch width, N in. 0.0625 ±0.005
w
tial energy of the pendulum from the starting position and the
mm 1.59 ±0.13
Machined notch root angle, N deg 60 ±2
a potential energy of the pendulum after it completes its swing
Machined notch root radius, N in. 0.005 max
r
without a specimen. Compensate the friction and windage loss
Pressed tip depth, t mm 0.13 max
D
in. 0.010 ±0.005 so that zero energy is indicated when the pendulum is released
Pressed tip angle, t mm 0.25 ±0.13
a
without a specimen being present.
Pressed tip root radius, t deg 40 ±5
r
in. 0.001 max 10.1.2 ImpactVelocity—Determinetheimpactvelocity,v,of
mm 0.025 max
the machine, neglecting friction as follows:
1/2
FIG. 2 Details of the Notch in a Dynamic Tear Specimen v 5 2 gh
~ !
E604 − 83 (2008)
FIG. 3 Knife for Sharpening Tip of Notch in Dynamic Tear Specimen
where: absorbed energy versus the deformation of the aluminum
2 2
blocks as a smooth curve through the data points in the
g = acceleration of gravity, ft/s (or m/s ),
h = initial elevation of the striking edge, ft (or m), and calibrated range.The dimensions of the aluminum blocks shall
v = striking velocity, ft/s (or m/s).
be such that the stiffness of a single block at any point in the
calibrated range shall be as follows:
10.2 Double-Pendulum Machine—The procedure for cali-
DT Energy Value Stiffness per Block
brating the hammer pendulum and the anvil pendulum shall be
50 ft·lbf (74 J) and under 1 ft·lbf/0.001 in. (54 J/mm)
inaccordancewiththeprocedurein10.1forasingle-pendulum
greater than 50 ft·lbf (74 J) 2.5 ft·lbf/0.001 in. (136 J/mm)
machine. Calibrate the anvil pendulum without a specimen in
This level of sensitivity permits the use of two aluminum
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E604–83(Reapproved 2002) Designation:E604–83(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
3 5
1.1 This test method covers the dynamic tear (DT) test using specimens that are ⁄16 in. to ⁄8 in. (5 mm to 16 mm) inclusive
in thickness.
1.2 This test method is applicable to materials with a minimum thickness of ⁄16 in. (5 mm).
1.3 The pressed-knife procedure described for sharpening the notch tip generally limits this test method to materials with a
hardness level less than 36 HRC.
NOTE 1—The designation 36 HRC is a Rockwell hardness number of 36 on Rockwell C scale as defined in Test Methods E18.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B221 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
E18 TestMethodsforRockwellHardnessandRockwellSuperficialHardnessofMetallicMaterialsTestMethodsforRockwell
Hardness of Metallic Materials
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
3. Terminology
3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this Standard
3.2 Dynamic Tear (DT) Energy—the total energy required to fracture DT specimens tested in accordance with the provisions
of this test method.
NOTE 2—With pendulum-type machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial and the final potential energies of the pendulum or
pendulums.
NOTE 3—With drop-weight machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial potential energy of the hammer and the final energy of the
hammer as determined by a calibrated energy measurement system.
3.3 Percent Shear Fracture Appearance—Percent shear fracture appearance is the percent of the net section that fractured in
ashearmode.Netsectioncanbeeitherthenetsectionareabeforefractureortheareaoftheprojectedplaneofthefracturesurface.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The DT test involves a single-edge notched beam that is impact loaded in three-point bending, and the total energy loss
during separation is recorded.
4.2 The DT specimens are fractured with pendulum or drop-weight machines.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 on FractureMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact
Testing.
Current edition approved March 25, 1983.Sept. 1, 2008. Published July 1983.January 2009. Originally publishedapproved as a proposed test method in November 1975.
Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E604–83(2002).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E604–83 (2008)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The DT energy value is a measure of resistance to rapid progressive fracturing. In a number of applications, the enhanced
resistance that may develop during about one plate thickness of crack extension from a sharp notch is of major interest. In the test
method, a sufficiently long fracture path is provided so that the results serve as a measure of this property.
5.2 Fracture surfaces of nonaustenitic steels tested in their temperature transition region have areas that appear bright and areas
thatappeardull.Thebright,facetedappearingareasaretermed“cleavage”fracture,andthedullappearingareasaretermed“shear”
fracture after their respective mode of fracture on a micro scale.
5.3 This test method can serve the following purposes:
5.3.1 In research and development, to evaluate the effects of metallurgical variables such as composition, processing, or heat
treatment, or of fabricating operations such as forming and welding on the dynamic tear fracture resistance of new or existing
materials.
5.3.2 In service evaluation, to establish the suitability of a material for a specific application only where a correlation between
DT energy and service performance has been established.
5.3.3 Forinformation,specificationsofacceptance,andmanufacturingqualitycontrolwhenaminimumDTenergyisrequested.
Detailed discussion of the basis for determining such minimum values in a particular case is beyond the scope of this test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 General Requirements—The testing machine shall be either a pendulum type or a drop-weight type of capacity more than
sufficient to break the specimen in one blow. DT energy values above 80% of the initial potential energy of the blow are invalid.
5 3
The capacity needed to conduct DTtests on most steels is 2000 ft·lbf (2700 J) for ⁄8-in. (16-mm) and 500 ft·lbf (700 J) for ⁄16-in.
(5-mm) thick specimens. The capacity needed to conduct DT tests on the cast irons and aluminum alloys is less than 20% of the
values given above for most steels.
6.1.1 Velocity Limitations—Testsmaybemadeatvelocitiesthatrangefrom13to28ft/s(4.0to8.5m/s).Velocityshallbestated
as the velocity between the striker and the specimen at impact. This range in velocities corresponds to that of hammers dropped
from heights of 32 in. to 12 ft (0.8 to 3.7 m).
6.1.2 The impact machine shall have a calibrated scale, charts, or direct reading-indicator of initial and final energy values, or
the difference between the initial and final energy values. The scale, chart, or direct-reading indicator shall be divided so that DT
energy values can be estimated within the following increments:
DT Energy Value Maximum Increment
<40 ft·lbf (54 J) 2 ft·lbf (3 J)
40–600 ft·lbf (54–800 J) 5 % of DT energy
>600 ft·lbf (800 J) 30 ft·lbf (40 J)
6.1.2.1 The error in the DT energy value due to an error in the weight of the pendulum or the dropping weight, or due to an
error in drop height, shall not exceed 1%. Windage and friction may be compensated for by increasing the height of the drop, in
which case the height may exceed the nominal value by not over 2.0%.
6.1.3 The specimen anvil and the striker tup shall be of steel hardened to a minimum hardness value of 48 HRC and shall
conform to the dimensions presented in Fig. 1. Clearance between the sides of the hammer and anvil shall not be less than 2.0 in.
(51 mm), and the center line of the striker edge shall advance in the plane that is within 0.032 in. (0.80 mm) of the midpoint
between the supporting edges of the specimen anvils. The striker edge shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
specimen within 0.01 rad. When in contact with the specimen, the striker edge shall be parallel within 0.005 rad to the face of a
square test specimen held against the anvil. Specimen supports for pendulum machines shall be square with anvil faces within
0.0025 rad. Specimen supports shall be coplanar within 0.005 in. (0.125 mm) and parallel within 0.002 rad.
6.2 The design of the pendulum impact machines shall position the center of percussion at the center of strike within 1% of
thedistancefromthecenterofrotationtothecenterofthestrike.Whenhangingfree,thependulumsshallhangsothatthestriking
edge is less than 0.20 in. (5.0 mm) from the edge position of the specimen.
6.2.1 The location of the center of percussion may be determined as follows: Using a stop watch or some other suitable timer
to within 0.2 s, swing the pendulum through a total angle not greater than 15°, and record the time for 100 complete cycles (to
and fro). Determine the center of percussion as follows:
l 50.815r ,todetermine linfeet (1)
l 50.2485r2, todetermine linmetres
where:
l = distance from the axis to the center of percussion, ft (or m), and
r = time of a complete cycle (to and fro) of the pendulum, s.
6.2.2 For double-pendulum machines, the center of percussion of each pendulum shall be determined separately.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Pellini , W. S., “Analytical Design Procedures for Metals of Elastic-Plastic and Plastic Fracture Properties,” Welding Research Council Bulletin 186, August 1973.
E604–83 (2008)
Dimensions and Tolerance for Specimen Blank
Parameter Units Dimension Tolerance
Length, L in. 7.125 60.125
mm 181 63
Width, W in. 1.60 60.10
mm 41 62
Thickness, B in. 0.625 60.035
mm 16 61
Angularity, a deg 90 61
NOTE 1—See 9.1 for specimens less than ⁄8-in. (16 mm) thick.
FIG. 1 Dynamic Tear Test Specimen, Anvil Supports, and Striker
7. Safety Hazards
7.1 A safety screen shall surround the anvil to restrict the flight of broken specimens.
7.2 Precautions shall be taken to protect personnel from swinging pendulums, dropping weights, flying broken specimens, and
hazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.
8. Sampling
8.1 Notation of the orientation of base metal specimens shall be in accordance with that recommended in Test Method E399.
5 5
8.2 If the thickness of the product is greater than ⁄8 in. (16 mm), then a ⁄8-in. (16-mm) thick specimen shall be the standard
specimen.
9. Test Specimens
9.1 Size of Specimens—The specimen blank shall be B by 1.60 by 7.125 in. ( B by 40.6 by 181.0 mm) where B can be from
3 5
⁄16 to ⁄8 in. (5 to 16 mm). The tolerances for these dimensions are presented in Fig. 1.
9.2 Notch Detail—The notch is machined to provide a fracture path in test material of 1.125 in. (28.5 mm); the small extension
required for notch sharpening is considered a portion of the nominal net section. Details of the notch are shown in Fig. 2, and the
notch dimensions shall conform to the values given therein.
9.3 Procedure for Preparing Notch:
9.3.1 Rough Machining—MachineanotchtothedimensionsshowninFig.2.Theangularapexportionandparticularlythefinal
cut on the root radius can be machined with a precisely ground saw, cutter, electric discharge machine, or any other machining
process that will ensure a final root radius less than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm). These machining operations are normally performed
simultaneously for a group of specimens.
9.3.2 Pressing Notch Tip—Pressing the sharp tip of the notch to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 2 is performed on individual
specimens.The impression is made with a blade of high-speed tool steel (60 HRC min), which has been ground to the dimensions
presented in Fig. 3, and subsequently honed to remove any burrs or rough edges. Any loading device with sufficient capacity to
press the knife to the prescribed depth may be used. The force required to accomplish the pressing is related to the hardness and
the thickness of the specimen. The force required can be approximated by either of the following formulas:
force ~lbf!547 3ultimatetensilestrength ~ksi!3 B ~in.!
force ~N!52.9 3ultimatetensilestrength ~MPa!3 B ~mm!
E604–83 (2008)
Dimensions and Tolerances for Notch Tip
Parameter Units Dimension Tolerance
Net width, (W−a) in. 1.125 60.020
mm 28.6 60.5
Machined notch width, N in. 0.0625 60.005
w
mm 1.59 60.13
Machined notch root angle, N deg 60 62
a
Machined notch root radius, N in. 0.005 max
r
Pressed tip depth, t mm 0.13 max
D
in. 0.010 60.005
Pressed tip angle, t mm 0.25 60.13
a
Pressed tip root radius, t deg 40 65
r
in. 0.001 max
mm 0.025 max
FIG. 2 Details of the Notch in a Dynamic Tear Specimen
FIG. 3 Knife for Sharpening Tip of Notch in Dynamic Tear Specimen
where B =thickness of the specimen.
NOTE 4—Suggested practices for measuring the pressed tip and for pressing the notch tip are given in the Appendixes.
10. Calibration of Apparatus
10.1 Single-Pendulum Machine—Supportthependulumhorizontally(90 61°fromtherestposition)atapointmostconvenient
to react with a weighing device such as a platform scale, balance, or load cell, and determine the weight within 0.4%. Take care
tominimizefrictionatthebearingsupportandtheweighingsupport.Measurethelengthofthemomentarm(thatis,thehorizontal
distance between the center of rotation and a vertical line that passes through the point of support) within 0.1%. The potential
energy at any angular position can be calculated from the following formula:
Energy 5weight 3momentarm ~1 2cos b!
E604–83 (2008)
where b=the angle displaced when the pendulum is rotated from the position of rest when hanging free. An alternative
procedure may be used if the distance between the center of rotation and the center of gravity is known within 0.1%. The weight
is then determined within 0.4%, with the pendulum supported horizontally at a point in line with the center of gravity. The
potential energy at any position is equal to the weight times the elevation of the center of gravity from the rest position.
10.1.1 The friction and windage loss of energy in the machine shall not exceed 2.0% of the initial energy. The friction and
windage loss is the difference between the potential energy of the pendulum from the starting position and the potential energy
of the pendulum after it completes its swing without a specimen. Compensate the friction and windage loss so that zero energy
is indicated when the pendulum is released without a specimen being present.
10.1.2 Impact Velocity—Determine the impact velocity, v, of the machine, neglecting friction as follows:
1/2
v 5 2 gh
~ !
where:
2 2
g = acceleration of gravity, ft/s (or m/s ),
h = initial elevation of the striking edge, ft (or m), and
v = striking velocity, ft/s (or m/s).
10.2 Double-Pendulum Machine—The procedure for calibrating the hammer pendulum and the anvil pendulum shall be i
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