ASTM D3601-88(1997)

Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
Note 1—Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D 3519 which uses a commercial blender.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 7.13.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Oct-1988
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.01 - Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3601-88(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3601 – 88 (Reapproved 1997) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase
in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at
40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
NOTE 1—Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D 3519
which uses a commercial blender.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
FIG. 1 Boston Round Bottle.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
which the foam is generated and may not be directly propor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tional to that produced by this controlled laboratory test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Figs. 1- 3
method. Further, the foam generated at the specified test
temperature will not necessarily predict the foaming tendency
2. Referenced Documents
of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant) at some other use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature.
D 1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
5. Apparatus
D 3519 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Blender
Test)
5.1 Water Bath, constant-temperature, suitable to hold sev-
eral bottled emulsions at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) for 1 to 2 h.
3. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 3—A common household dishpan is satisfactory when the test
3.1 The increase in volume is determined by the increase in
temperature is close to room temperature.
total height of the test fluid, including foam, after vigorous
5.2 Stop Watch or Timer, capable of measuring 5 min 6 0.2
shaking of the emulsion at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F).
s.
NOTE 2—Water that is normally used to reduce the concentrate to a
5.3 Bottles, clean or new, clear glass, 16-oz (narrow mouth),
working consistency can be used. However, if this type of water is not
with screw neck. The 16-oz bottle is 6 ⁄64 in. (169 mm) tall
desirable or available, two other types of water may be used to prepare the
and has a maximum diameter of 2 ⁄32 in. (75 mm). The
test liquid: (1) distilled water or (2) distilled water with a subsequent
outside neck is ⁄32 in. (7.1 mm) and the shoulder radius is 1 in.
seeding of the test liquid with synthetic hard water.
(25.4 mm).
4. Significance and Use
5.4 Syringe or Transfer Pipet.
5.5 Rule, millimetre, at least 150 mm in length.
4.1 The results obtained by this test method are useful as
guides in determining the tendency of a water-based metal-
6. Materials
working coolant to produce foam under low shear conditions.
6.1 Distilled Water.
No correlation with changes in heat transfer, pumpability, or
other factors affected by foam is intended. The foam generated
by any given industrial process depends on the method by
16-oz Round Packer, Brockway Glass Co., Mold No. 1094 or 16-oz Boston
Round, as shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for this purpose. Bottle takes Cap No. 28.
Standard Glass Container Series No. 80 specifies approximate weight of glass, etc.,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on on drawing No. C-8010 obtainable from Glass Container Manufacturers’ Institute
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Inc., 330 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017.
D02.LO.01 Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. Disposable pipets, Thomas Scientific Co. Saedsboro, NJ 08085-0099, No.
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1988. Published January 1989. 8937-R62, Corning No. 7077 or Fisher No. 13-671-108E with attached 25 to 50-cm
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. (1 to 2-oz) capacity rubber bulb have been found suitable for this purpose as have
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Becton-Dickson disposable syringes No. 21G, without needle.
D 3601
FIG. 2 Suggested Test Form for Recording Data.
F Millimetres Maximum Foam 5M–I
m,
Sample Number
1 2 3 4 56 78 9 10 11 12
A A A
6 x 30 35 20 10 65 65 65 560 20 15 15
A A A
x 30 40 20 10 65 65 65 10 65 20 10 10
7 x 39 49 20 20 101 101 101 21 101 11 10 10
x 48 48 19 19 100 100 101 12 101 14 20 10
F , Millimetres Residual Foam 5 R 5 l
r
6 x 00 0 0 0 0 45 0 55 5 0 0
x 00 0 0 0 0 45 0 66 5 5 0
7 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 0 101 7 4 10
x 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 0 101 8 3 4
T, Time to Defoam to 10-mm Net Foam Level, min
B
6 x 0.5 0.5 0.25 0 2.0 2.5 5+ 0 5+ 1.0 0 0
B B
x 0.25 0.5 0.25 0 1.5 3.0 5+ 0 5+ 1.25 0 0
B B B B B B B
7 x 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.5 2.0 5+ 0.25 5+ 0.25 0.25 1.0
B B B B B B B B
x 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.5 2.0 5+ 0.25 5+ 0.25 0.25 0.25
A
Maximum foam possible in bottle.
B
Request was for nearest 0.5 min. Where <0.5 min is shown, it was recorded as 0.25 min. x and x are duplicate test results.
1 2
Sample Descriptions
Sample 1 L-1-3A in distilled water − 10 % butyl CellosolveT (trademark of Union Carbide)
3 L-1-3B in distilled water − 10 % butyl CarbitolT (trademark of Union Carbide)
5 L-1-3C in distilled water − Sample 3 plus nonionic ether
7 L-1-3D in distilled water − 5 % commercial long oil soluble coolant
9 L-1-3E in distilled water − 3 % commercial synthetic coolant
11 L-1-3F in distilled water − 3 % commercial synthetic plus defoamer
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 − Same in hard water, respectively
FIG. 3 Sample Data (Bottle Method).
6.2 Hard Water, 20 000 ppm prepared by
...