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ASTM D7960-17

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components

Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a UL102 unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes.  
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.3 The D7960 test fuel defined by this specification may not exhibit identical performance to those leaded fuels with which the existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate. Therefore, the suitability of this fuel for use on any specific aircraft, aircraft engine, or ground-based fuel handling equipment should be evaluated before use on that equipment.  
1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute approval to operate certificated aircraft with this fuel. Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evidence to the authority as part of the certification program for that aircraft and engine model.  
1.5 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded D7960 test fuel at the time and place of delivery.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2017
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7960-16 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
01-Dec-2017

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7960 −17 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-
1
hydrocarbon Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
purchases of a UL102 unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
agencies for testing purposes.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating
aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may
2. Referenced Documents
permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
than is shown by this specification.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
1.3 The D7960 test fuel defined by this specification may
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
not exhibit identical performance to those leaded fuels with
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
which the existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling
Closed Cup Tester
equipment have been designed to operate. Therefore, the
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
suitability of this fuel for use on any specific aircraft, aircraft
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
engine, or ground-based fuel handling equipment should be
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
evaluated before use on that equipment.
(Reid Method)
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute ap-
Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
proval to operate certificated aircraft with this fuel. Fuels used
3
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evi-
ration
dence to the authority as part of the certification program for
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation
that aircraft and engine model.
Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700
1.5 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
3
(Withdrawn 1970)
the required properties of unleaded D7960 test fuel at the time
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
and place of delivery.
(Potential Residue Method)
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Aviation Gasoline
standard.
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fuels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7960 – 16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7960-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7960−17
D1948 Method of Te
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7960 − 16 D7960 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing a Non-
1
hydrocarbon ComponentComponents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a UL102 unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel under
contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes.
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel. It does
not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider,
or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.3 The D7960 test fuel defined by this specification may not exhibit identical performance to those leaded fuels with which
the existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate. Therefore, the suitability of this fuel
for use on any specific aircraft, aircraft engine, or ground-based fuel handling equipment should be evaluated before use on that
equipment.
1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute approval to operate certificated aircraft with this fuel. Fuels used in certified
engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evidence to the
authority as part of the certification program for that aircraft and engine model.
1.5 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded D7960 test fuel at the time and
place of delivery.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced by
3
D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn
3
1970)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2016January 2018. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142016
as D7960 – 14.D7960 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7960-16.10.1520/D7960-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7960 − 17
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviat
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
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Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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