ASTM E709-14
(Guide)Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The magnetic particle method of nondestructive testing indicates the presence of surface and near-surface discontinuities in materials that can be magnetized (ferromagnetic). This method can be used for production examination of parts/components or structures and for field applications where portability of equipment and accessibility to the area to be examined are factors. The ability of the method to find small discontinuities can be enhanced by using fluorescent particles suspended in a suitable vehicle and by introducing a magnetic field of the proper strength whose orientation is as close as possible to 90° to the direction of the suspected discontinuity (see 4.3.2). A smoother surface or a pulsed current improves mobility of the magnetic particles under the influence of the magnetic field to collect on the surface where magnetic flux leakage occurs.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle testing, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair is not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E543 is used to perform the examination, the nondestructive testing agency should meet the requirements of Practice E543.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 Warning:
Mercury has...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E709 − 14
StandardGuide for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration,
2
andorientationofindicationsthatareunacceptableinaspecific
1.1 This guide covers techniques for both dry and wet
part versus those which need not be removed before part
magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detect-
acceptance.Conditionswherereworkorrepairisnotpermitted
ing cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in
should be specified.
ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be
applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms,
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic
castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless
particle method techniques.
of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
maintenance testing.
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7),
preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and tech-
and
niques.
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as
follows:
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing exami-
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle
nations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and
testing, procedures recommended or required by individual
certifiedinaccordancewithASNTRecommendedPracticeNo.
organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability
SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS410, or as
and completeness.
specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and person-
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive
nel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
testingagencyasdescribedinPracticeE543isusedtoperform
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with
theexamination,thenondestructivetestingagencyshouldmeet
the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes
the requirements of Practice E543.
magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for
a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials
1.7 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the explicit requirements should be covered by a written
and are not considered standard.
procedure (see Section 21).
1.8 Warning: Mercury has been designated by many regu-
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify accep-
latory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious
tance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques.
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated
It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury contain-
evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code,
ing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet
specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
(SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that
selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
state or country may be prohibited by law.
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E709-08. DOI:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
10.1520/E0709-14.
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Guide
SE-709 in Section II of that Code. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copy
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E709 − 08 E709 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
2
1.1 This guide describescovers techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detecting
cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw
material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment
or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle testing, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations,
can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic
particle testing techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely
varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit
requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It
should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated.
For this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree
of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those
which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair is not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and certified
in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in
the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E543 is used to perform the
examination, the nondestructive testing agency should meet the requirements of Practice E543.
1.7 The numerical values shownstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units standard. The values given
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only.only and are not considered
standard.
1.8 Warning: Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008March 1, 2014. Published April 2008April 2014. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
E709 - 01.E709 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/E0709-08.10.1520/E0709-14.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Guide SE-709 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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