ASTM D4395-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Flexible Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Flexible Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium.
This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load.
1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4395–04
Standard Test Method for
Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock
1
Mass Using the Flexible Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock and Contained
of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading Fluids
method. D 2113 Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Inves-
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit tigation
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi- D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
fications it could be conducted at the surface. Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per- as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the D 4394 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
design load. Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Rigid Plate Loading
1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can Method
be performed but are to be reported in another standard. D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the D 4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in ground Openings in Rock
Practice D 6026. D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock
1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, Core Sample
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explora-
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother tions of Soil and Rock
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
standard is beyond its scope. cal Data
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D 6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Desig-
as the standard. nation (RQD) of Rock Core
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further
3. Terminology
information on this test method.
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Terminology D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.1 deflection—movement of the plate, mortar pad, or
rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precaution statements, see Section 8. load.
3.2.2 flexible plate—theoretically, a plate having no stiff-
ness.
3.2.3 load—total force acting on the rock face.
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4395 – 84 (1998). the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4395–04
3.2.4 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of
stress - strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves
obtained from successive pressure cycles (see Fig. 1).
3.2.5 recovery modulus of deformation—the tangent modu-
lus of the unloading stress - strain curve. This modulus is
usually higher than the other moduli and is used in calculations
where unloading conditions exist. The difference between the
tangent and recovery moduli indicates the material’s capacity
of hysteresis or energy dissipation capabilities (see Fig. 2).
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Tangent, Secant, and Recovery
3.2.6 secant modulus of deformation—the slope of the
Moduli
stress - strain curve between zero stress and any specified
stress. This modulus should b
...
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