ASTM D4095-97(2014)

Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to 4 h in accordance with Test Method D2834, not counting preparation time.  
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for determining solids in a matter of minutes.  
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control and in process control for the production of polishes and polish components.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and wax emulsions used in floor polishes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2014
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D21 - Polishes
• Drafting Committee: D21.03 - Chemical and Physical Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4095 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter
1
(Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control
and in process control for the production of polishes and polish
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for
components.
determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor
polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and
5. Apparatus
wax emulsions used in floor polishes.
5.1 Refractometer—An instrument capable of reading to
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
four decimal places.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Water Bath, or other means of controlling the tempera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture of the refractometer prisms.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Procedure
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Determine the nonvolatile matter in the polish, resin, or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wax emulsion in accordance with Test Method D2834 using a
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
minimum of three and preferably four replicates. Record the
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
arithmetic average.
D2834 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in
6.2 Adjust prism temperature of the refractometer to 25°C
Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor
through the use of a water bath. Temperatures of 20°C and
Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
30°C are also commonly used for refractive index work. Any
convenient temperature may be used as long as that tempera-
3. Summary of Practice
ture is used consistently.
3.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) and refractive index are used
6.3 Standardize the refractometer using the procedure in
asthebasisforpreparingcurvesthatallowtheuseofrefractive
Test Method D1218 or according to the refractometer manu-
index as a fast, accurate means for determining solids in floor
facturer’sinstructions.Ineithercase,standardreferenceliquids
polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions.
should be used.
4. Significance and Use
6.4 Determinetherefractiveindexoftheprocesswaterused
for preparation of the polish, resin, or wax emulsion according
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes,
to the procedure in Test Method D1218.
resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to4hin accordance
with Test Method D2834, not counting preparation time.
6.5 Determine the refractive index of the same sample of
polish, resin solution, or wax emulsion from 6.1 according to
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for
the procedure in Test Method D1218. (Take multiple readings
determining solids in a matter of minutes.
and record the arithmetic average.)
6.6 Plotacurveofrefractiveindexversussolidsonstandard
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
(20 by 20/in.) graph paper.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.03 on Chemical and Physical
6.6.1 Use zero (0 %) solids and the refractive index of the
Testing.
process water as the origin.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
6.6.2 Plot the solids from 6.1 and the refractive index from
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4095 – 97 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D4095-97R14.
6.5asthesecondpoint.Drawalineconnectingtheorigintothe
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
second point. Curves, thus produced for polishes, resin
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
solutions, and wax emulsions are usually straight lines. Veri-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. fication must be made by careful dilution (by weight) of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4095 − 97 (2014)
sample with the process water; determine the refractive index 8.2 Refractive index varies with different wave lengths of
of the diluted sample that should fall on the curve at the light. Yellow light (sodium, D) is most commonly used. It is
calculated solids. important to use a constant light source.
6.6.3 Curvesshouldbecheckedperiodicallybydeterminin
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4095 − 97 (Reapproved 2008) D4095 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter
1
(Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor polishes. This
practice is also applicable to resin solutions and wax emulsions used in floor polishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
D2834 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and
Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) and refractive index are used as the basis for preparing curves that allow the use of refractive
index as a fast, accurate means for determining solids in floor polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to 4 h in accordance with
Test Method D2834, not counting preparation time.
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for determining solids in a matter of minutes.
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control and in process control for the production of polishes and polish
components.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Refractometer—An instrument capable of reading to four decimal places.
5.2 Water Bath, or other means of controlling the temperature of the refractometer prisms.
6. Procedure
6.1 Determine the nonvolatile matter in the polish, resin, or wax emulsion in accordance with Test Method D2834 using a
minimum of three and preferably four replicates. Record the arithmetic average.
6.2 Adjust prism temperature of the refractometer to 25°C through the use of a water bath. Temperatures of 20°C and 30°C are
also commonly used for refractive index work. Any convenient temperature may be used as long as that temperature is used
consistently.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.03 on Chemical and Physical Testing.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2014. Published April 2008November 2014. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as D4095 – 97 (2002).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4095-97R08.10.1520/D4095-97R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4095 − 97 (2014)
6.3 Standardize the refractometer using the procedure in Test Method D1218 or according to the refractometer manufacturer’s
instructions. In either case, standard reference liquids should be used.
6.4 Determine the refractive index of the process water used for preparation of the polish, resin, or wax emulsion according to
the procedure in Test Method D1218.
6.5 Determine the refractive index of the same sample of polish, resin solution, or wax emulsion from 6.1 according to the
procedure in Test Method D1218. (Take multiple readings and record the arithmetic average.)
6.6 Plot a curve of refractive index versus solids on standard (20 by 20/in.) graph paper.
6.6.1 Use zero (0 %) solids and the refractive index of the process water as the origin.
6.6.2 Plot the solids from 6.1 and the refractive index from 6.5 as the second point. Draw a line connecting the origin to the
second point. Curves, thus produced for polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions are usually straight lines. Verification must
...