ASTM D1245-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Chemical composition of water-formed deposits is a major indicator of proper or improper chemical treatment of process water, and is often an indicator of operational parameters as well, for example, temperature control. This practice allows for rapid determination of constituents present in these deposits, particularly those indications of improper water treatment, since they usually have very distinctive and easily recognized optical properties.
This practice, where applicable, eliminates the need for detailed chemical analysis, which is time-consuming, and which does not always reveal how cations and anions are mutually bound.
Qualitative use of this practice should be limited to those deposits whose control is generally known or predictable, based on treatment and feedwater mineral content, and whose constituents are crystalline, or in other ways optically or morphologically distinctive. If these criteria are not met, other techniques of analysis should be used, such as Practice D 2332 or Test Methods D 3483, or both.
Quantitative use of this practice should be limited to estimates only. For more precise quantitative results, other methods should be used (see 5.3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D 2331 or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1245–08
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard—
Certaintermsinthispracticethatrelatespecificallytochemical
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination
microscopy are described as follows:
of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy.
3.2.1 anisotropic—having different optical properties in
This practice may be used to complement other methods of
different optical planes. These planes are referred to as the
examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in
alpha, beta, and omega axes.
Practices D2331 or it may be used alone when no other
3.2.2 Becke line—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a
instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very
crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different
small.
refractiveindex.Itincreasesinintensityasthedifferenceinthe
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
refractive index between the crystal and the oil increases.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.3 dispersion—the variation of index of refraction with
standard.
wavelength.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 dispersion staining—the color effects produced when
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a refractive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
indexnearthatoftheobjectisviewedunderthemicroscopeby
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
transmitted white light and precise aperture control.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 extinction angle—the angle between the extinction
2. Referenced Documents position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
2
3.2.6 extinction position—the position in which an aniso-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits complete dark-
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
ness.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.7 index of refraction—the numerical expression of the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
in a substance.
Water-Formed Deposits
3.2.8 isotropic—having the same optical properties in all
D2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by
directions.
Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
3.2.9 petrographic—pertaining to the description of rocks
D3483 Test Methods for Accumulated Deposition in a
or rocklike substances. Such description is usually in terms of
Steam Generator Tube
morphology and optical properties.
3. Terminology
3.2.10 solid solution—a homogeneous mixture of two or
more components, in the solid state, retaining substantially the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this practice
structure of one of the components.
relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer
to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The practice is essentially chemical microscopical,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
supplemented by optical data obtained by the petrographic
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, method. The identification of compounds is made by observ-
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
ing, under the microscope, characteristic reactions and precipi-
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
tates resulting from the action of specific reagents on the solid
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1245 – 84 (2007).
sample or solutions thereof, and by measuring the optical
DOI: 10.1520/D1245-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
properties.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D1245–08
5. Significance and Use below the condenser and the other just above the objective;
43,103, and 453 objectives; and 53 and 103 eyepieces
5.1 Chemical
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 1245–84 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:D1245–08
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This
practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D 2331
or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
D 2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
D 3483 Test Methods for Accumulated Deposition in a Steam Generator Tube
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this practice relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer to
Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard—Certain terms in this practice that relate specifically to chemical
microscopy are described as follows:
3.2.1 anisotropic—having different optical properties in different optical planes. These planes are referred to as the alpha, beta,
and omega axes.
3.2.2 Becke line—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different refractive
index. It increases in intensity as the difference in the refractive index between the crystal and the oil increases.
3.2.3 dispersion—the variation of index of refraction with wavelength.
3.2.4 dispersion staining—the color effects produced when a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a refractive index
near that of the object is viewed under the microscope by transmitted white light and precise aperture control.
3.2.5 extinction angle—the angle between the extinction position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
3.2.6 extinction position—the position in which an anisotropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits complete darkness.
3.2.7 index of refraction—the numerical expression of the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in
a substance.
3.2.8 isotropic—having the same optical properties in all directions.
3.2.9 petrographic—pertaining to the description of rocks or rocklike substances. Such description is usually in terms of
morphology and optical properties.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on SamplingWater andWater-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. Current
Current edition approved Dec.May 1, 2007.2008. Published JanuaryMay 2008. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20032007 as D 1245 – 84
(20037).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1245–08
3.2.10 solid solution—a homogeneous mixture of two or more components, in the solid state, retaining substantially the
structure of one of the components.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The practice is essentially chemical microscopical, supplemented by optical data obtained by the petrographic method. The
identification of compounds is made by obser
...
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