ASTM C1679-08

Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.
This procedure can be used to measure the effect of chemical admixtures on the cement hydration profile. In many cases, the addition of chemical admixture changes the kinetics of cement hydration.
Although this technique has been used historically to understand issues related to setting and slump loss, it must be emphasized that isothermal calorimetry results cannot predict concrete performance definitely, either positively or negatively. Extensive verification in concrete at planned dosages and temperatures, and at higher dosages, is needed. Isothermal calorimetry is an effective tool to identify sensitivities, so that concrete testing can be efficiently planned and performed.
This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.
The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.
The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C 172.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2008
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.48 - Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1679-07 - Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C1679-09 - Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1810/C1810M-22 - Standard Guide for Comparing Performance of Concrete-Making Materials Using Mortar Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C563-20 - Standard Guide for Approximation of Optimum SO<inf>3</inf> in Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1702-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a - Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1679–08
Standard Practice for
Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1679; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydrau-
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
lic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note
C 305 PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCement
1), including those containing admixtures, various supplemen-
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
tary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by
C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
NOTE 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for
concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
used in concrete mixtures.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 Other Standard:
standard.
API Specification RP 10B-2/ ISO 10426-2 Recommended
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
Practice for Testing Well Cements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
tice, refer to Terminology C 125 and Terminology C 219.
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
3.2.1 baseline, n—the signal from the calorimeter when
2. Referenced Documents
there is an inert specimen in the instrument.
3
3.2.2 calibration coeffıcient, n—a factor that relates the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
value recorded by the data acquisition system to the thermal
power output.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Normally recorded data are in volts
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.48on
and the calibration coefficient has units of watts per volt
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
(W/V). Some calorimeters may have internal automatic cali-
in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1679 – 07.
bration and will give the output in watts without the user
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
having to specify the calibration coefficient.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-
the ASTM website. ington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1679–08
3.2.3 combined mixture, n—combinationofallthematerials 3.2.13 sulfate addition, n—the addition of a soluble sulfate
that are introduced into the calorimeter for measuring hydra- source (s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1679–07 Designation:C1679–08
Standard Practice for
Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1679; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic
cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary
cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
NOTE 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular
calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are
often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete
field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.
1.2Units—The1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in
this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C 511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
2.2 Other Standard:
4
API Specification RP 10B-2/ ISO 10426-2 Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology C 125 and Terminology C 219.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 baseline, n—the signal from the calorimeter when there is an inert specimen in the instrument.
3.2.2 calibration coeffıcient, n—a factor that relates the value recorded by the data acquisition system to the thermal power
output.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.48 on
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1679 – 07.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1679–08
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Normally recorded data are in volts and the calibrat
...