ASTM D3759/D3759M-05(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides information that can be used in material specifications for product design and quality assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different products.
5.2 The use of this test method must be related to the purpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is for determining the relative strength of the tape in the size in which it is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify or characterize a particular backing material.
5.2.1 The test may be performed on the tape as-received, that is, without cutting the material to a specimen width less than the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm [2 in.] are not tested due principally to the limitations of equipment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm [0.125 in.] can be tested.
5.2.2 The test may be performed on a specimen cut from within the sample material boundaries using a sharp razor cutter, such as that defined in Section 6. This method is usually used for material characterization, determining quality of conformance, and for specification compliance.
5.3 Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force to a specified elongation can be related to the tape's intended use or for identifying or characterizing a material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties (elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includes procedures for machine direction and cross direction, for high-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretch backings. It also includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F” value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. These procedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-type testing machine.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; conversions between measurement systems must be conducted carefully.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3759/D3759M − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive
Tape
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3759/D3759M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Sheeting
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
strength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties
ments
(elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includes
D3715/D3715M Practice for QualityAssurance of Pressure-
procedures for machine direction and cross direction, for
Sensitive Tapes
high-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretch
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
backings. It also includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F”
Packaging Components for Testing
value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. These
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
procedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-type
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
testing machine.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
Lot or Process
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
2.2 AFERA Documents (Association Des Fabricants Eu-
system may not be exact equivalents; conversions between
ropeens De Reubans Auto-Adhesifs–Europe:
measurement systems must be conducted carefully.
AFERA 4004 Self Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Breaking Strength
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
AFERA4005 SelfAdhesive Tapes—Measurement of Elon-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.3 European Norm (EN) Documents:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
EN 1940 Self Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of Breaking
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Strength
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
EN1941 SelfAdhesiveTapes—MeasurementofElongation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at Break
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.4 PSTC Documents (Pressure Sensitive Tape Council):
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
PSTC 131 Tensile Strength and Elongation of Pressure-
Sensitive Tapes
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
3.1 Terminology found in Terminology D996 shall apply.
PaperboardUsingConstant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Procedure A–Machine Direction for Tapes with Elonga-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
tion Under 200 %—A strip of tape is mounted between two
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
Labels. clamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at a
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
specified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occurs. Force
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3759/D3759M – 05
and elongation are determined at the moment of breakage.
(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D3759_D3759M-05R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Procedure B–Machine Direction for Filament Rein-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
forced Tape—Astrip of tape is applied to two drums aligned in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a flat plane and force applied until breakage of tape occurs.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3759/D3759M − 05 (2019)
TABLE 1 Test Preparation and Specimen Dimensions
A
Gage Length, Cross Head Velocity, Specimen Length,
Specimen Width,
mm [in.] mm [in.]/min mm [in.] mm [in.]
A. Machine Direction
100 [4] 300 [12] 12–24 [0.5–1] 225 [9]
Elongation Under 200 %
B. Machine Direction
250 [10] 300 [12] 12–24 [0.5–1] 700 [28]
Reinforced Tapes
C. Machine Direction
50 [2] 50 [2] 12 [0.5] 150 [6]
Elongation Over 200 %
D. Cross Direction 25 [1] 25 [1] 12 [0.5] 125 [5]
A
The specimen widths shown are for tests in which the specimen is cut from within the sample dimension.
Force and elongation are determined at the moment of break- used for material characterization, determining quality of
age. This procedure may also be suited for other high strength conformance, and for specification compliance.
tapes such as those with tensilized or highly oriented film
5.3 Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force to
backings.
a specified elongation can be related to the tape’s intended use
4.3 Procedure C–Machine Direction for Tapes with Elon-
or for identifying or characterizing a material.
gation Over 200 %—A strip of tape is mounted between two
clamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at a
6. Apparatus
specified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occurs. Force
6.1 Tension Tester—A constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
and elongation are determined at moment of breakage.
type with load cell capacity such that the maximum expected
4.4 Procedure D–Cross Direction—A strip of tape is
specimen strength does not exceed 90 % of its normal limit.
mounted between two clamps aligned in a straight flat plane
The tension tester must be capable of the crosshead speeds
and force applied at a specified rate until breaking of the strip
described in Table 1 with tolerances of 610 %.
of tape occurs. Force and elongation are determined at the
6.1.1 The tensile testing machine must be equipped with a
moment of breakage.
measurement system which records the force and deformation
4.4.1 If the sample provides ample material, CD tests may
(elongation) of the test specimen during the test. This may be
be made in the same way machine direction (MD) tests are.
a pen and stylus, digital output, microprocessor, or computer
This would occur with web material or sufficiently wide rolls.
based system. The accuracy should be verified in accordance
4.4.2 If a tape has an ultimate elongation in the cross
with Practice E4 or equivalent.
direction (CD) over 200 %, it is recommended to use the test
6.1.2 Extensometer (Optional)—A suitable instrument, if
preparation for high stretch materials.
desired, may be used for determining the distance between two
4.4.3 Cross direction tests are limited to sample rolls of tape
designated points of the test specimen as the specimen is
at least 48 mm in width.
stretched.
NOTE 1—Procedures A and B are harmonized to be technically
6.1.3 Integrator (Optional)—A suitable instrument,
equivalent with test procedures published by PSTC, AFERA, and EN.
microprocessor, or software analysis system may be used for
Procedures C and D are harmonized to be technically equivalent with test
determining the energy or work required to break the speci-
procedures published by PSTC.
men.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.4 Clamps, preferably the pneumatic action type at least
50 mm [2 in.] wide by 38 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] deep. Faces shall have
5.1 This test method provides information that can be used
in material specifications for product design and quality a light cross-hatch serration.
assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different
NOTE 2—Plastic materials are reduced in width and thickness while
products.
being stretched. This causes them to be drawn out of the clamps.
Pneumatic clamps minimize this effect. It can be further reduced by the
5.2 The use of this test method must be related to the
appropriate choice of surface of the clamps. One improvement, both with
purpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is for
respect to the above mentioned shrinkage problem and simple slippage,
determiningtherelativestrengthofthetapeinthesizeinwhich
may be found from the use of urethane film which can be obtained as a
it is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify or
pressure-sensitive tape approximately 0.5 mm [20 mils] thick. This
materialhasaveryhighcoefficientoffriction,issomewhatmalleable,and
characterize a particular backing material.
is easily replaced. Alternative materials are coated abrasive, rubber
5.2.1 The test may be performed on the tape as-received,
(neoprene or other synthetic type), or other tape.
that is, without cutting the material to a specimen width less
than the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm [2 6.1.5 Cylinders, in place of clamps for testing high strength
in.] are not tested due principally to the limitations of equip- tapes by Procedure B. Each of two cylinders shall be 100 mm
ment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm [0.125 in.] can [4 in.] in diameter by 38 mm [1.5 in.] thick held in the position
be tested. ordinarily occupied by the clamps so that the tape, when
5.2.2 The test may be performed on a specimen cut from applied to the cylinders and extending between them, falls in
within the sample material boundaries using a sharp razor the line of stress otherwise occupied by the specimens when
cutter, such as that defined in Section 6.This method is usually clamps are used. See Fig. 1.
D3759/D3759M − 05 (2019)
avoided when the backing is comprised of thin plastic sheeting. These
include chopping dies and sample cutters operating on a shearing
principle.The reason for this restraint is that edges sufficiently ragged and
damaged resulting from chopping or shearing cause tearing to occur
before the true tensile strength level is reached. Tapes with fibrous
backings may be cut to satisfactory specimens with these tools.
7. Sampling
7.1 Acceptance Sampling—Unless otherwise specified, ac-
ceptance sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D3715/
D3715M.
7.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
number of test specimens depends on the purpose of the
testing. Practice E122 is recommended. It is common to test at
least five specimens of a particular tape.Test specimens should
be taken from several rolls of tape, and whenever possible,
among several production runs of tape. Strong conclusions
about a specific property of a tape cannot be based on tests of
a single unit (roll) of a product.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Specimens shall have the dimensions shown in Table 1.
8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six,
outer wraps of tape from the sample roll before taking
FIG. 1 Test Configuration for Reinforced Tapes specimens for testing. Test without liners, if any.
8.3 Test one specimen per sample roll, unless otherwise
specified.
6.1.6 Scale (Optional), approximately 22 mm [1 in.] in
length divided into 2 mm [0.1 in.] increments attached to each
8.4 The following applies to non-reinforced tapes for Pro-
cylinder. The zero point or (origin) shall be at the point of
cedure A:
tangency of the tape with the cylinder during the test and the
8.4.1 Specimen ends that are clamped shall be prepared by
scale shall increase upward on the lower cylinder and down-
covering the adhesive with paper, some other tape, or an
ward on the upper cylinder.
extension of the specimen. In the latter case the specimen must
be cut at lest 100 mm [4 in.] longer than defined in Table 1.
NOTE 3—These scales can be used to observe and measure the tape
8.4.2 The covering shall be free of wrinkles, leaving the
slippage during the tension test for reinforced tapes. Scales or extensom-
eters shall be used for referee testing. gage-length area uncovered and completely cover the rest of
the specimen so that the clamps will apply uniform pressure
6.2 Cutter, thespecimencuttershallholdtwosingle-edged
against the specimen.
razor blades in parallel planes a precise distance apart, to form
a cutter of exact specimen width. Appropriate widths shall be
8.5 For Procedure D, a special specimen preparation is
available as specified.
recommended for cross-direction (C.D.) specimens from rolls
6.2.1 The 12 mm [ ⁄2 in.] cutter shall be constructed of
less than 125 mm [5 in.] in width.
aluminum bar stock approximately 12 mm [ ⁄2 in.] by 12 mm
8.5.1 Lay two rectangular sample strips on a flat surface
[ ⁄2 in.] by 200 mm [8 in.].The edges, for about 125 mm [5 in.]
with the adhesive side facing up. See Fig. 2. Each strip shall be
from one end shall be slightly rounded to form a handle. The
as wide as the sample roll and approximately 125 mm [5 in.] in
width of the bar, for approximately 75 mm [3 in.] from the
length. Position these strips side by side with one long edge of
opposite end, shall be narrowed to exactly 12 mm [0.500 in.]
one strip parallel to and 25 mm [1.0 in.] separated from one
minus the thickness of a single razor blade (one of two used as
long edge of the second strip.
cutting edges). The razor blades shall be held in position using
8.5.2 Cut a specimen from the sample roll to have the width
side plates.The end of the cutter shall be cut away at a 0.75 rad
specified in Table 1 and length equal to the width of the roll.
[45°]angletoexposethecuttingedgesatoneendoftheblades.
8.5.3 Lay this specimen adhesive side up across the 25-mm
The cutting edges shall be separated by 12 6 0.1 mm [0.500 6
[1.0-in.] separation of the strips. Position it toward one end of
0.005 in.]. Other width cutters shall be constructed similarly.
the sample strips so that it rests equally on both strips and at a
right angle to their parallel edges.
NOTE4—Someofthetraditionaltoolsforspecimenpreparationmustbe
8.5.3.1 If needed to prevent slippage, cut two additional
strips from the sample roll having the same width as the
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
specimen. Butt the end of one of these at one end to form a
is Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Dr., Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you
continuation of the specimen across the remainder of the
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
sample strip. Use the second strip to butt agai
...
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