ASTM D828-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are fundamental properties associated with the manufacture, or end use, or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for the varity of products to be influenced by, or indicative of: the type fibers used or the treatment of the fibers, or both, in a particular paper: or of specific manufacturing procedures used in producing a specific paper or paper product. Likewise, it is possible for paper converting operations to significantly impact properties measured using this test method, and this test method is a possible tool to measure and understand such effects.
4.2 Tensile strength is indicative of the serviceability of many papers, such as wrapping, bag, gummed tape, and cable wrapping, that are subjected to direct tensile stress. The tensile strength of printing papers is indicative of the potential resistance to web breaking during printing and other converting operations and during travel of the web from the roll through the equipment.
4.3 Stretch, and sometimes tensile stiffness are indicative of the ability of the paper to conform to a desired contour. These are important properties of creped papers, towels, napkins, decorative papers, industrially used paper tapes (both creped and pleated), bags, and liners for cans, barrels, and cartons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining tensile properties of paper and paperboard.
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as such, are able to be used with instruments designed for either vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually operated or computer controlled.
1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper, paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not for use with combined corrugated board.
1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption, tensile stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D828 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using
1
Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D987 Test Method for Test for Stretch of Paper and Paper
2
Products Under Tension (Withdrawn 1968)
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
tensile properties of paper and paperboard.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.2 Theproceduresgiveninthistestmethodareforusewith
Lot or Process
constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as
such, are able to be used with instruments designed for either 3. Terminology
vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually oper-
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
ated or computer controlled.
method, refer to Terminology D1968 or the Dictionary of
3
Paper .
1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper,
paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 line contact grips, n—grips or jaws on a tensile testing
measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not
for use with combined corrugated board. machine having a clamping zone for gripping the specimen
comprised of a cylindrical and a flat surface or two cylindrical
1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method
surfaces whose axes are parallel
include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption,
3.2.2 paper, n—planar structures deposited from an aqueous
tensile stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.
suspension that has a thickness less than 1 mm containing
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
organic material, nonorganic material, or a combination of the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
two.
information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fundamentalpropertiesassociatedwiththemanufacture,orend
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
use, or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
varity of products to be influenced by, or indicative of: the type
fibers used or the treatment of the fibers, or both, in a particular
2. Referenced Documents
paper: or of specific manufacturing procedures used in produc-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing a specific paper or paper product. Likewise, it is possible
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
for paper converting operations to significantly impact proper-
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
ties measured using this test method, and this test method is a
2
(Withdrawn 2010)
possible tool to measure and understand such effects.
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
4.2 Tensile strength is indicative of the serviceability of
for Testing
many papers, such as wrapping, bag, gummed tape, and cable
wrapping, that are subjected to direct tensile stress. The tensile
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
strength of printing papers is indicative of the potential
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
resistancetowebbreakingduringprintingandotherconverting
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
operations and during travel of the web from the roll through
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D828 – 97 (2002)
the equipment.
which was withdrawn September 2009 and reinstated in November 2016. DOI:
10.1520/D0828-16.
2 3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, PO
www.astm.org. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D828 − 16
4.3 Stretch, and sometimes tensile stiffness are indicative of document the calculation basis for the values that are reported,
the abili
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.