ASTM D5641/D5641M-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is a nondestructive evaluation intended to be used for quality control purposes during factory or field seaming of geomembranes.
5.2 This practice may also be used to evaluate geomembrane panels for holes that penetrate the entire thickness of material. Limitations on the test practice are that it may not be suitable for uneven or curved surfaces, thick seams, seams in corners, and thin extensible geomembranes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestructive quality control testing described in Practice D4437/D4437M and Practice D4545 for evaluating the continuity of all types of geomembrane seams using the bubble emission or vacuum chamber method.
1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5641/D5641M − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5641/D5641M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 E.P.A. Documents:
EPA/530/SW-91/051 Inspection Techniques for the Fabri-
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestruc-
4
cation of Geomembrane Field Seams
tive quality control testing described in Practice D4437/
D4437M and Practice D4545 for evaluating the continuity of
3. Terminology
all types of geomembrane seams using the bubble emission or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
vacuum chamber method.
3.1.1 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See Termi-
1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for
nology D4439).
use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects.
3.1.2 seam, n—the connection of two or more pieces of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
material by mechanical, chemical, or fusion methods to pro-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
vide the integrity of a single piece of the material.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.3 vacuum chamber, n—a device that allows a vacuum to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
be applied to a surface.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Ingeomembranes,typicalseamswould
with the standard.
include adhesive bonded, bodied chemical fusion welds;
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chemical fusion welds; dielectric; dual hot wedge; fillet extru-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sion; flat extrusion; hot air; single hot wedge; and ultrasonic.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(See EPA/530/SW-91/051.)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—For definition of other terms used in this practice, refer to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminology D4439.
2. Referenced Documents 4. Summary of Practice
2
4.1 The basic principle of this practice consists of creating a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressuredifferentialacrossaseamandobservingforbubblesin
D4437/D4437M Practice for Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
a film of foaming solution over the low pressure side, within
for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining
the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber has a viewing port
Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
that allows observation of the seam area being tested. The
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
foaming solution is applied to the surface to be tested and the
D4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory
vacuum chamber is placed over the test area. As the chamber
Seams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet
3 is held firmly in place, vacuum is applied.Air leakage through
Geomembranes (Withdrawn 2008)
flaws in the test area cause bubbles in the foaming solution that
E515 Practice for Leaks Using Bubble Emission Techniques
may be observed.
5. Significance and Use
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
5.1 This practice is a nondestructive evaluation intended to
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
be used for quality control purposes during factory or field
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5641 – 94 (2011). seaming of geomembranes.
DOI: 10.1520/D5641_D5641M-16.
2 5.2 This practice may also be used to evaluate geomem-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM brane panels for holes that penetrate the entire thickness of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromtheU.S.GovernmentPublishingOffice,732N.CapitolSt.,NW,
www.astm.org. Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5641/D5641M − 16
incorporation into this practice.
mater
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5641 − 94 (Reapproved 2011) D5641/D5641M − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5641;D5641/D5641M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestructive quality control testing described in Practice D4437D4437/
D4437M and Practice D4545 for evaluating the continuity of all types of geomembrane seams using the bubble emission or
vacuum chamber method.
1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only. stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4437D4437/D4437M Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining
Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory Seams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet Geomembranes
3
(Withdrawn 2008)
E515 Practice for Leaks Using Bubble Emission Techniques
2.2 E.P.A. Documents:
4
EPA/530/SW-91/051 Inspection Techniques for the Fabrication of Geomembrane Field Seams
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See Terminology
D4439).
3.1.2 seam, n—the connection of two or more pieces of material by mechanical, chemical, or fusion methods to provide the
integrity of a single piece of the material.
3.1.3 vacuum chamber, n—a device that allows a vacuum to be applied to a surface.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published July 2011October 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D5641 – 94 (2011). (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5641-94R11.10.1520/D5641_D5641M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC
20401-0001, http://www.gpo.gov.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
In geomembranes, typical seams would include adhesive bonded, bodied chemical fusion welds; chemical fusion welds; dielectric;
dual hot wedge; fillet extrusion; flat extrusion; hot air; single hot wedge; and ultrasonic. (See EPA/530/SW-91/051.)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5641/D5641M − 16
NOTE 1—For definition of other terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The basic principle of this practice consists of creating a pressure differential across a seam and observing for bubbles in
a film of foaming solution over the low pressure side, within the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber has a viewing port that
allows observation of the seam area being tested. The foaming solution is applied to the surface to be tested and the vacuum
chamber is placed over the test area. As the chamber is held firmly in place, vacuum is applied. Air leakage through flaws in the
test area cause bubbles in the foaming solution t
...
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