ASTM D4437/D4437M-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
Standard Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be non-destructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need.
3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product. The sheet material (reinforced or nonreinforced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2 in accordance with the sheet manufacturer's recommendations and instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods look at other ASTM Standards and Practices.
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped Seams, Waterproofed Sewn Seams.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be non-destructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need. 3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product. The sheet material (reinforced or nonreinforced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2 in accordance with the sheet manufacturer's recommendations and instructions. SCOPE 1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods look at other ASTM Standards and Practices. 1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped Seams, Waterproofed Sewn Seams. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be non-destructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need. 3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product. The sheet material (reinforced or nonreinforced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2 in accordance with the sheet manufacturer's recommendations and instructions. SCOPE 1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods look at other ASTM Standards and Practices. 1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped Seams, Waterproofed Sewn Seams. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets; 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4437-08(2013), ASTM D4437/D4437M-16(2018), ASTM D5641/D5641M-16, ASTM D7272-06(2023), ASTM D7700-22, ASTM D5820-95(2018), ASTM D8173-23, ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023), ASTM D5747/D5747M-21. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ASTM standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4437/D4437M − 16
Standard Practice for
Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity
of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4437/D4437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of
nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the
2. Referenced Documents
integrityofseamsusedinthejoiningofflexiblesheetmaterials 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test
D5641/D5641M Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evalua-
procedures available for determining the quality of bonded
tion by Vacuum Chamber
seams.Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in
D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of
this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for
Dual Seamed Geomembranes
quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufac-
D6365 Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomem-
tured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim
brane Seams using the Spark Test
reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to
D7006 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes
destructive testing. For destructive test methods look at other
D7177/D7177M Specification forAir Channel Evaluation of
ASTM Standards and Practices.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomem-
branes
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the
following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or
3. Significance and Use
Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent
3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict
Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped
liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock,
Seams, Waterproofed Sewn Seams.
and the large number of seam methods and types used in
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
standardtestsbywhichthevariousseamscanbecomparedand
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the quality of the seam systems can be non-destructively
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated
with the standard.
fromtheappropriatepolymersandcompoundingingredientsto
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
specifiedrequirementsfortheenduseoftheproduct.Thesheet
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
material(reinforcedornonreinforced)shallbecapableofbeing
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2 in
accordance with the sheet manufacturer’s recommendations
and instructions.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4437 – 08(2013). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4437_D4437M-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4437/D4437M − 16
4. Nondestructive Test Methods thickness measurements once calibrated. Assure good contact
of the test head with the lining surface by providing a
4.1 For all test methods listed below, any and all flaws in
continuous contact medium (water) at the interface between
seam construction that are detected under a given test proce-
test head and lining. The ultrasonic signal shall be capable of
dure shall be repaired. All nondestructive test methods listed
beingviewedonamonitorandcapableoftriggeringanaudible
are not necessarily applicable to all polymeric geomembrane
alarm when a discontinuity is detected. Discontinuities shall be
materials.
marked after detection. See Practice D7006.
4.2 Air Lance Test—Inspect all seams for unbonded areas
4.5 Mechanical Point Stressing—This test method shall be
usinganairnozzledirectedontheupperseamedgeand
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4437 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D4437/D4437M − 16
Standard Practice for
Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity
of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4437;D4437/D4437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity
of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures
available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can
be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible
polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For
destructive test methods look at other ASTM Standards and Practices.
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: Thermally Bonded Seams, Hot Air, Hot Wedge (or
Knife), Extrusion, Solvent Bonded Seams, Bodied Solvent Bonded Seams, Adhesive Bonded or Cemented Seams, Taped Seams,
Waterproofed Sewn Seams.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5641D5641/D5641M Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes
D6365 Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomembrane Seams using the Spark Test
D7006 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes
D7177D7177/D7177M Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomem-
branes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and
the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by
which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be non-destructively evaluated. This practice
is intended to meet such a need.
3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form
a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product. The sheet material
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013July 1, 2016. Published June 2013October 2016. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D4437D4437 – 08–08.(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D4437-08R13.10.1520/D4437_D4437M-16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4437/D4437M − 16
(reinforced or nonreinforced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2 in accordance with
the sheet manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions.
4. Nondestructive Test Methods
4.1 For all test methods listed below, any and all flaws in seam construction that are detected under a given test procedure shall
be repaired. All nondestructive test methods listed are not necessarily applicable to all polymeric geomembrane materials.
4.2 Air Lance Test—Inspect all seams for unbonded areas using an air nozzle directed on the upper seam edge and surface to
detect loose edges, riffles indicating unbonded areas within the seam, or other undesirable seam conditions. Check all bonded
seams using a minimum 50 psi (345 kPa) (gage)[345 kPa] (gauge) air supply directed through a ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm)[4.8 mm] (typical)
nozzle, held not more t
...
Le document ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 constitue une référence fondamentale dans le domaine de l'évaluation non destructive (NDT) de l'intégrité des joints utilisés dans les geomembranes en polymère flexible. Son champ d'application est particulièrement pertinent, car il répond à un besoin croissant de méthodes standardisées permettant de tester la qualité des systèmes de joints. Ces joints étant cruciaux pour restreindre la migration des liquides dans le sol et la roche, le standard s'inscrit dans une démarche essentielle pour assurer la performance des matériaux de barrière. Parmi ses points forts, cette norme offre une synthèse claire des méthodes de contrôle qualité non destructives, permettant une évaluation efficace des joints en fonction des exigences spécifiques des applications géotechniques. Les différentes méthodes testées, telles que les joints thermiquement soudés, les joints à chaud ou à l'extrusion, garantissent une couverture exhaustive des techniques disponibles. Cela permet aux utilisateurs de sélectionner les méthodes les plus appropriées à leurs projets, en intégrant ces tests dans leurs spécifications de qualité. Le fait que la norme ne soit pas applicable aux tests destructifs, mais se concentre exclusivement sur les méthodes non destructives, est également un atout majeur qui permet de préserver l'intégrité des matériaux tout en évaluant leur fiabilité. L'incitation à établir des pratiques de sécurité adaptées souligne l'importance de la responsabilité des utilisateurs, ajoutant ainsi une couche de sérieux et de sécurité à l'utilisation de cette norme. En conclusion, l'ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 se révèle être un outil incontournable pour les professionnels du secteur, proposant des méthodes éprouvées pour garantir l'intégrité des joints de geomembranes en polymère flexible, tout en s'inscrivant dans une démarche respectueuse des normes de sécurité.
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16は、柔軟なポリマーシートの一体性を検証するための非破壊試験(NDT)の標準的な実践を示しています。この標準は、地盤工学の応用において、柔軟シート材料を接合する際に使用されるシームの品質を評価する方法を提供します。特に、地盤や岩の中で液体の移動を制限するためのバリア材料としてのジオメンブレンの使用が増えている中、そのシームの方法と種類の多様性に対応した重要な基準となっています。 この標準の強みは、非破壊でシームの整合性を評価できるテスト手法が要約されている点にあります。テスト方法は、熱的接合、熱風、熱くしあげた接合、押出し、溶剤接合、接着接合など多岐に渡り、これらはすべて製品の最終用途に合致するようにノンデストラクティブに評価されます。これにより、プロジェクトの仕様に柔軟に組み込むことが可能となり、品質管理の一環として利用できます。 また、ASTM D4437/D4437M-16は、ジオメンブレンシートの材料が適切なポリマーと混合材料から構成され、接合方法に関して製造業者の推奨や指示に従うことを求めているため、製品の整合性を保証する上で必要な要素を網羅しています。この包括的なアプローチは、ユーザーが安全と健康の観点からも考慮するべき点を示し、圧迫されることなく、それぞれのプロジェクトに簡単に適用することができるように設計されています。 全体として、ASTM D4437/D4437M-16は、非破壊試験の標準として、シームの評価だけでなく、広範な地盤工学技術におけるシート材料の品質保証において重要な役割を果たしています。この標準を遵守することで、信頼性高いジオメンブレンの使用が確保され、長期的な耐久性が実現されるでしょう。
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 표준은 유연한 폴리머 시트 지오멤브레인의 이음새 중간 상태를 비파괴적으로 평가하기 위한 실무 지침으로, 지오테크니컬 애플리케이션에서 유연한 시트 재료를 결합하는 데 사용되는 이음새의 무결성을 평가하는 품질 관리 테스트 방법을 요약하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 범위는 다양한 이음새 방법 및 유형이 사용되는 지오멤브레인 시트의 품질을 비교하고 비파괴적으로 평가하기 위한 필요성에서 출발합니다. 비파괴 테스트를 통해 이음새의 품질을 평가할 수 있는 여러 방법들이 제시되어 있으며, 이러한 테스트 방법은 프로젝트 규격에 통합되어 품질 관리를 위한 기준으로 사용될 수 있습니다. 표준에서 다루는 이음새의 유형은 열융합 이음새, 열풍, 핫 웨지(또는 칼), 압출, 용제 결합 이음새, 접착제 결합 이음새, 테이프 이음새 및 방수 봉합 이음새 등을 포함합니다. 이 다양한 테스트 방법들은 사용자가 원하는 특정 요구 사항에 맞춰 선택적으로 적용할 수 있도록 설계되어 있어 범위와 유연성이 뛰어납니다. ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 표준은 SI 단위 또는 인치-파운드 단위로 제시된 값을 각 체계에서 별도로 사용해야 하며, 두 체계를 혼합하여 사용할 경우 비표준이 될 수 있다는 점에서 엄격한 적용이 요구됩니다. 또한, 이 표준은 위험한 재료 및 작업을 포함할 수 있으므로 사용자는 안전 및 건강 관행을 설정하고 규제 제한의 적용 가능성을 판단할 책임이 있습니다. 이 표준은 특히 유연한 폴리머 시트의 이음새 평가에 필수적인 지침을 제공하며, 비파괴 검사 방법을 통해 시트의 품질 보증을 돕는 유용한 도구입니다.
The ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 standard provides a comprehensive framework for non-destructive testing (NDT) aimed at evaluating the integrity of seams in flexible polymeric sheet geomembranes. This document is crucial given the extensive application of geomembranes in engineering and environmental projects to prevent liquid migration through soil and rock. One of the notable strengths of this standard is its broad scope, which includes various seam types such as thermally bonded seams, hot air seams, hot wedge seams, and adhesive bonded seams among others. By detailing these seam methods, the standard enables users to effectively compare the quality and performance of different seam types, which is essential for ensuring the reliability of geomembrane installations. Furthermore, the guidelines provided for non-destructive quality control test methods allow for thorough assessment without compromising the integrity of the materials being tested. The inclusion of both SI and inch-pound units offers flexibility and accessibility to a wider audience, although it emphasizes the importance of maintaining unit consistency to avoid non-conformance. The significance of ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 is underscored by its focus on the safety and operational risks associated with testing. While it does not purport to address all safety concerns, it outlines the responsibility of users to implement secure practices, which reflects an important aspect of industrial safety standards. In conclusion, ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 stands out as a vital resource for engineers and professionals working with geomembranes, facilitating informed decisions and enhancing the overall quality assurance processes in geotechnical applications. Its relevance is firmly rooted in the critical nature of seam integrity within the field, thereby ensuring the longevity and efficacy of geomembrane installations across various projects.
Die Norm ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 stellt eine wesentliche Grundlage für die nicht-destruktive Prüfung (NDT) von Nähten dar, die bei der Verbindung von flexiblen polymeren Foliengeogitterbahnen verwendet werden. Ihr Hauptzweck liegt in der Sicherstellung der Integrität der Nähte, die entscheidend für die Funktionalität und Sicherheit von geotechnischen Anwendungen sind. Die Norm adressiert die Notwendigkeit standardisierter Tests, um die Qualität der verschiedenen Nahtsysteme zu bewerten und voneinander zu vergleichen, was in der Praxis von großer Bedeutung ist. Die Stärke dieser Norm liegt in ihrer umfassenden Abdeckung verschiedener Nahttypen, darunter thermisch gebondete Nähte, Heißluft-, Heißkeil-, Extrusions- und lösungsmittelgebundene Nähte. Diese Vielfalt ermöglicht es Fachleuten, je nach spezifischen Anforderungen und Bedingungen des Projekts die geeignetsten Prüfverfahren zu wählen. Die Flexibilität, mehrere Testmethoden in die Projekt-Spezifikation aufzunehmen, unterstreicht die Vielseitigkeit und Anwendbarkeit dieser Norm in der Qualitätskontrolle. Auch die spezifischen Hinweise zur Materialformulierung und den empfohlenen Verbindungsbedingungen gewährleisten, dass die geomembranen den geforderten Standards entsprechen. Hierbei wird betont, dass die Folienmaterialien sowohl verstärkt als auch unverstärkt sein können, was die Anwendbarkeit der Norm auf eine breite Palette von geotechnischen Anwendungen erweitert. Ein weiterer relevanter Aspekt von ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 ist die klare Trennung zwischen den nicht-destruktiven Prüfverfahren und den destruktiven Testmethoden. Diese Unterscheidung ermöglicht es den Nutzern, gezielt auf diese Standardpraktiken zurückzugreifen, ohne in andere Normen abweichen zu müssen, wodurch Missverständnisse und Fehler während der Qualitätssicherung vermieden werden. Die Norm ist auch insofern relevant, als sie den Einsatz von Maßeinheiten in beiden Systemen, SI und Inch-Pfund, vorsieht und auf die Notwendigkeit hinweist, diese getrennt zu betrachten, um Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Dies ist ein weiterer Hinweis auf die Sorgfalt und Detailgenauigkeit, die in die Entwicklung der Norm eingeflossen sind. Zusammengefasst bietet die Norm ASTM D4437/D4437M-16 eine wertvolle Ressource für die nicht-destructive Qualitätssicherung von Foliengeogitternähten, indem sie eine klar definierte und umfassende Vorgehensweise zur Gewährleistung der Integrität dieser kritischen Verbindungen bereitstellt. Die Norm ist damit von großer Relevanz für die Fachleute der Geotechnik und sollte in der Praxis häufig zur Anwendung kommen.
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...