ASTM D4439-23b

Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2023
• ICS: 01.040.59 - Textile and leather technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.93 - Editorial and Terminology

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4439-24 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D5820-95(2023) - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual-Seamed Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5617-23 - Standard Test Method for Multi-Axial Elongation of Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5101-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5322-23 - Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5397-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4354-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4751-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM C125-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5397-19a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5323-19 - Standard Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus for Polyethylene Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5397-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM C125-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM C125-18b - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4439 − 23b
Standard Terminology for
1
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents D5141 Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and
2
Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment
1.1 ASTM Standards:
Retention Device
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
D5262 Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Ten-
gregates
sion Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geo-
D1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile,
synthetics Used for Reinforcement Purposes
Drainage Geocomposites, or Soil/Geotextile Filters
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Liquids
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of
D5323 Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus
Geotextiles by Permittivity
for Polyethylene Geomembranes
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
D5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-
Strength of Geotextiles
tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-
D4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature on
stant Tensile Load Test
Stability of Geotextiles
D5494 Test Method for the Determination of Pyramid Punc-
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
ture Resistance of Unprotected and Protected Geomem-
the Wide-Width Method
branes
D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
Elongation of Geotextiles
thetics
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane)
D5514/D5514M Test Method for Large-Scale Hydrostatic
Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity
Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening
(HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
Size of a Geotextile
D5594 Test Method for Determination of the Vinyl Acetate
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-
Content of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymers by
mance of Geosynthetics
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance
D5617 Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geo-
of Geomembranes and Related Products
synthetics
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Han-
D5641/D5641M Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evalua-
dling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
tion by Vacuum Chamber
D4884/D4884M Test Method for Strength of Sewn or
D5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical
Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
D4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strength
D5818 Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to
of Geomembranes by the Wide Strip Tensile Method
Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-
D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of
ibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
Dual-Seamed Geomembranes
D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of D35 on Geosynthetics and is the of Textured Geomembranes
direct responsibility of D35.93 on Editorial and Terminology.
3
1.2 Federal Standard:
Current edition approved July 15, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally
Federal Standard 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D4439 – 23a. DOI:
10.1520/D4439-23B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4439 − 23b
2. Terminology constant-rate-of-load tensile testing machine (CRL), n—a
testing machine in which the rate of increase of the load
absorption, n—the process by which a liquid is drawn into and
being app
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4439 − 23a D4439 − 23b
Standard Terminology for
1
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
D1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile, Drainage Geocomposites, or Soil/Geotextile Filters
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
D4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Method
D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
D4884/D4884M Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
D4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strength of Geomembranes by the Wide Strip Tensile Method
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
D5141 Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment Retention
Device
D5262 Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geosynthetics Used
for Reinforcement Purposes
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
D5323 Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus for Polyethylene Geomembranes
D5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile
Load Test
D5494 Test Method for the Determination of Pyramid Puncture Resistance of Unprotected and Protected Geomembranes
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
D5514/D5514M Test Method for Large-Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio (HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
D5594 Test Method for Determination of the Vinyl Acetate Content of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymers by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
D5617 Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of D35.93 on Editorial and Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2023July 15, 2023. Published April 2023July 2023. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as
D4439 – 23.D4439 – 23a. DOI: 10.1520/D4439-23A.10.1520/D4439-23B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4439 − 23b
D5641/D5641M Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
D5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
D5818 Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics
D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual-Seamed Geomembranes
D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes
3
1.2 Federal Standard:
Federal Standard 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
2. Terminology
absorption, n—the process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body, also, the
increase in mass of a porous s
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4439 − 23b
Standard Terminology for
1
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents D5141 Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and
2 Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment
1.1 ASTM Standards:
Retention Device
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
D5262 Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Ten-
gregates
sion Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geo-
D1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile,
synthetics Used for Reinforcement Purposes
Drainage Geocomposites, or Soil/Geotextile Filters
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Liquids
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of
D5323 Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus
Geotextiles by Permittivity
for Polyethylene Geomembranes
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
D5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-
Strength of Geotextiles
tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-
D4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature on
stant Tensile Load Test
Stability of Geotextiles
D5494 Test Method for the Determination of Pyramid Punc-
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
ture Resistance of Unprotected and Protected Geomem-
the Wide-Width Method
branes
D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
Elongation of Geotextiles
thetics
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane)
D5514/D5514M Test Method for Large-Scale Hydrostatic
Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity
Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening
(HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
Size of a Geotextile
D5594 Test Method for Determination of the Vinyl Acetate
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-
Content of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymers by
mance of Geosynthetics
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance
D5617 Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geo-
of Geomembranes and Related Products
synthetics
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Han-
D5641/D5641M Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evalua-
dling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
tion by Vacuum Chamber
D4884/D4884M Test Method for Strength of Sewn or
D5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical
Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
D4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strength
D5818 Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to
of Geomembranes by the Wide Strip Tensile Method
Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-
D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of
ibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
Dual-Seamed Geomembranes
D5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness
1
of Textured Geomembranes
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of D35 on Geosynthetics and is the
direct responsibility of D35.93 on Editorial and Terminology.
3
1.2 Federal Standard:
Current edition approved July 15, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally
Federal Standard 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D4439 – 23a. DOI:
10.1520/D4439-23B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4439 − 23b
2. Terminology constant-rate-of-load tensile testing machine (CRL), n—a
testing machine in which the rate of increase of the load
absorption, n—the process by which a liquid is drawn into and
being applied to the specimen is uniform with time after the
tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body, also, the
first 3 s. D4439
increase in mass of
...