ASTM D5030-04

Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the in-place unit weight of compacted materials in construction of earth embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. For construction control, it can be used as the basis for acceptance of material compacted to a specified unit weight or to a percentage of a maximum unit weight determined by a standard laboratory test method such as determined from Test Methods D 698 or D 1557, subject to the limitations discussed in 1.4.
This test method can be used to determine in-place unit weight of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the in-place density and unit weight of soil and rock using water to fill a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use of the word "rock" in this test method is used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. (75 mm).
1.2 This test method is best suited for test pits with a volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft3  (0.08 and 2.83 m 3). In general, the materials tested would have maximum particle sizes over 5 in. (125 mm). This test method may be used for larger sized excavations if desirable.
1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft (0.9 m) or more. Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet the requirements of this test method and the guidelines given in for the minimum volume of the test pit.
1.2.2 Test Method D 4914 may be used as an alternative method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft 3  (0.03 and 0.17 m3).
1.2.3 Test Method D 1556 or Test Method D 2167 is usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft3  (0.03 m3).
1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure AIn-Place Density and Unit Weight of Total Material (Section ).
1.3.2 Procedure BIn-Place Density and Unit Weight of Control Fraction (Section 10).
1.4 Selection of Procedure
1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place unit weight of total material is to be determined. Procedure A can also be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods D 698, D 1557, D 4253, D 4254, D 4564). For Test Methods D 698 and D 1557 only, the unit weight determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice D 4718.
1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D 4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material from the in-place unit weight test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated sieve size. The unit weight of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the unit weight(s) established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
Because of possible lower densities created when there is particle interference (see Practice D 4718), the percent compaction of the control fraction should not be assumed to represent the percent compaction of the total material in the field.
1.4.3 Normally, the control fraction is the minus No. 4 sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree-draining materials and the minus 3-in. sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining materials. While other sizes are used for the control fraction (3/ 8, 3/4-in.), this test method has been prepared using only the No. 4 and...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2004
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.08 - Special and Construction Control Tests

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5030-89(1994)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit (Withdrawn 2003)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D5030/D5030M-13 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D2167-15 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D3839-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4914/D4914M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5030 − 04
StandardTest Method for
Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement
1
Method in a Test Pit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5030; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods
D698,D1557,D4253,D4254,D4564).ForTestMethodsD698
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the in-
and D1557 only, the unit weight determined in the laboratory
placedensityandunitweightofsoilandrockusingwatertofill
compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in
a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use
accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice
of the word “rock” in this test method is used to imply that the
D4718.
materialbeingtestedwilltypicallycontainparticleslargerthan
1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or
3 in. (75 mm).
percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place
1.2 Thistestmethodisbestsuitedfortestpitswithavolume
3 3 material contains particles larger than the maximum particle
between approximately 3 and 100 ft (0.08 and 2.83 m ). In
sizeallowedinthelaboratorycompactiontestorwhenPractice
general, the materials tested would have maximum particle
D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test.
sizes over 5 in. (125 mm). This test method may be used for
Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or
larger sized excavations if desirable.
portions. The material from the in-place unit weight test is
1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular
physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize
metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft (0.9 m) or more.
fraction based on a designated sieve size. The unit weight of
Othershapesormaterialsmaybeusedprovidingtheymeetthe
the control fraction is calculated and compared with the unit
requirements of this test method and the guidelines given in
weight(s) established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
Annex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit.
1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative 1.4.2.1 Because of possible lower densities created when
there is particle interference (see Practice D4718), the percent
method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume
3
determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft compaction of the control fraction should not be assumed to
3
(0.03 and 0.17 m ).
represent the percent compaction of the total material in the
1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually field.
3
used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft
1.4.3 Normally,thecontrolfractionistheminusNo.4sieve
3
(0.03 m ).
sizematerialforcohesiveornonfree-drainingmaterialsandthe
minus 3-in. sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining
1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:
materials. While other sizes are used for the control fraction
1.3.1 Procedure A—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of
3 3
Total Material (Section 10). ( ⁄8, ⁄4-in.), this test method has been prepared using only the
No. 4 and the 3-in. sieve sizes for clarity.
1.3.2 Procedure B—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of
Control Fraction (Section 11).
1.5 Any material can be tested, provided the material being
1.4 Selection of Procedure:
tested has sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain
1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place unit weight of
stable sides during excavation of the test pit and through
totalmaterialistobedetermined.ProcedureAcanalsobeused
completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to
to determine percent compaction or percent relative density
deformorsloughduetotheminorpressuresexertedindigging
when the maximum particle size present in the in-place
the hole and filling with water.
material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle
1.5.1 Averycarefulassessmentmustbemadeastowhether
or not the volume determined is representative of the in-place
1 condition when this test method is used for clean, relatively
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
uniform-sized particles 3 in. (75 mm) and larger. The distur-
Construction Control Tests.
bance during excavation, due to lack of cohesion, and the void
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
ϵ1 spaces between particles spanned by the liner may affect the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D5030–89(1994)
DOI: 10.1520/D5030-04. measurem
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