ASTM D5030/D5030M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit
Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to determine the in-place density of compacted materials in construction of earth embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. For construction control, the test methods can be used as the basis for acceptance of material compacted to a specified unit weight or to a percentage of a maximum unit weight determined by a standard laboratory test method such as determined from Test Methods D698 or D1557, subject to the limitations discussed in 1.4.
5.2 These test methods can be used to determine in-place density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by these test methods are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing them and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the in-place density of soil and rock using water to fill a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use of the word “rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. [75 mm].
1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft3 [0.08 and 2.83 m3]. In general, the materials tested would have maximum particle sizes over 5 in. [125 mm]. These test methods may be used for larger sized excavations if desirable.
1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft [0.9 m] or more. Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet the requirements of these test methods and the guidelines given in Annex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit.
1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft3 [0.03 and 0.17 m3].
1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft3 [0.03 m3].
1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of Total Material (Section 12).
1.3.2 Procedure B—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of Control Fraction (Section 13).
1.4 Selection of Procedure:
1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place unit weight of total material is to be determined. Procedure A can also be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods D698, D1557, D4253, D4254, D4564, and D7382). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the unit weight determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice D4718.
1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material from the in-place unit weight test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated sieve size. The unit weight of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the unit weight(s) established by the lab...
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Designation: D5030/D5030M − 13
StandardTest Methods for
Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement
1
Method in a Test Pit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5030/D5030M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* allowedinthelaboratorycompactiontest(TestMethodsD698,
D1557,D4253,D4254,D4564,andD7382).ForTestMethods
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D698andD1557only,thedensitydeterminedinthelaboratory
in-place density of soil and rock using water to fill a lined test
compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in
pit to determine the volume of the test pit.The use of the word
accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice
“rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material
D4718.
beingtestedwilltypicallycontainparticleslargerthan3in.[75
1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or
mm].
percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place
1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a
material contains particles larger than the maximum particle
3
volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft [0.08 and 2.83
sizeallowedinthelaboratorycompactiontestorwhenPractice
3
m ]. In general, the materials tested would have maximum
D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test.
particle sizes over 5 in. [125 mm]. These test methods may be
Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or
used for larger sized excavations if desirable.
portions. The material from the in-place density test is physi-
1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular
cally divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction
metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft [0.9 m] or more.
based on a designated sieve size. The density of the control
Othershapesormaterialsmaybeusedprovidingtheymeetthe
fraction is calculated and compared with the density(ies)
requirements of these test methods and the guidelines given in
established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
Annex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit.
1.4.3 Normally, the control fraction is the minus No. 4
1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative
[4.75-mm]sievesizematerialforcohesiveornonfree-draining
method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume
3 materials and the minus 3-in. [75-mm] sieve size material for
determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft
3
cohesionless, free-draining materials. While other sizes are
[0.03 and 0.17 m ].
3 3
used for the control fraction ⁄8, ⁄4-in. [9.5, 19-mm], these test
1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually
3
methods have been prepared using only the No. 4 [4.75-mm]
used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft
3 and the 3-in. [75-mm] sieve sizes for clarity.
[0.03 m ].
1.5 Any material can be tested, provided the material being
1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:
tested has sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain
1.3.1 Procedure A—In-Place Density and Density of Total
stable sides during excavation of the test pit and through
Material (Section 12).
completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to
1.3.2 Procedure B—In-Place Density and Density of Con-
deformorsloughduetotheminorpressuresexertedindigging
trol Fraction (Section 13).
the hole and filling with water.
1.4 Selection of Procedure:
1.4.1 ProcedureAis used when the in-place density of total 1.6 These test methods are generally limited to material in
material is to be determined. Procedure A can also be used to anunsaturatedconditionandisnotrecommendedformaterials
determinepercentcompactionorpercentrelativedensitywhen that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in a moisture
the maximum particle size present in the in-place material condition such that water seeps into the excavated hole. The
being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size accuracy of the test may be affected for materials that deform
easily or that may undergo volume change in the excavated
hole from standing or walking near the hole during the test.
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
1.7 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
Construction Control Tests.
SIunits[presentedinbrackets]aretoberegardedseparatelyas
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5030 − 04 D5030/D5030M − 13
Standard Test MethodMethods for
Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement
1
Method in a Test Pit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5030;D5030/D5030M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 ThisThese test method coversmethods cover the determination of the in-place density and unit weight of soil and rock using
water to fill a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use of the word “rock” in thisthese test methodmethods
is used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. (75 mm).[75 mm].
3
1.2 ThisThese test method ismethods are best suited for test pits with a volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft (0.08[0.08
3
and 2.83 m ).]. In general, the materials tested would have maximum particle sizes over 5 in. (125 mm). This test method[125 mm].
These test methods may be used for larger sized excavations if desirable.
1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft (0.9 m)[0.9 m] or more.
Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet the requirements of thisthese test methodmethods and the guidelines
given in Annex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit.
1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume
3 3
determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft (0.03[0.03 and 0.17 m ).].
3
1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft
3
(0.03[0.03 m ).].
1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A—In-Place Density and Unit Weight Density of Total Material (Section 1012).
1.3.2 Procedure B—In-Place Density and Unit Weight Density of Control Fraction (Section 1113).
1.4 Selection of Procedure:
1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place unit weight density of total material is to be determined. Procedure A can also be
used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material
being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods D698, D1557,
D4253, D4254, D4564, and D7382). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the unit weight density determined in the laboratory
compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice D4718.
1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material
contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is not
applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material
from the in-place unit weight density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated
sieve size. The unit weight density of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the unit weight(s) density(ies)
established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
1.4.2.1 Because of possible lower densities created when there is particle interference (see Practice D4718), the percent
compaction of the control fraction should not be assumed to represent the percent compaction of the total material in the field.
1.4.3 Normally, the control fraction is the minus No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree-draining materials
and the minus 3-in. [75-mm] sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining materials. While other sizes are used for the control
3 3
fraction ( ⁄8, ⁄4-in.), this test method has-in. [9.5, 19-mm], these test methods have been prepared using only the No. 4 [4.75-mm]
and the 3-in. [75-mm] sieve sizes for clarity.
1.5 Any material can be tested, provided the material being tested has sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain stable
sides during excavation of the test pit and through completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to deform or slough
due to the minor pressures exerted in digging the hole and filling with water.
1
ThisThese te
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