ASTM D3711-95(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
Standard Test Method for Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method shall measure the deposit formation tendencies of liquids on steel surfaces in air at 101.3 KPa (1-atm) pressure. Other surfaces and other atmospheric media may be substituted for steel and air at 1 atm provided that the substitution is noted in the test report.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of liquids in thin films and of vapors to form deposits on metal surfaces. The test method applies to both petroleum-based and synthetic lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer fluids, and related materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section and Annex A2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3711–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 deposit tendency, n—the deposition tendency of a thin
film or vapor is an index of the propensity of a material to form
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten-
carbonaceous residues on hot surfaces in contact with the
dency of liquids in thin films and of vapors to form deposits on
liquid or vapor phase of the sample.
metal surfaces. The test method applies to both petroleum-
based and synthetic lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer
4. Summary of Test Method
fluids, and related materials.
4.1 The test specimen is allowed to flow slowly in a thin
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
film over a steel test specimen in a constant-temperature
standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are
chamber (furnace liner). Circulation of the sample from the
available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
sump to the heated surface and back to the sump is accom-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plished by means of a peristaltic pump. After the prescribed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
test period, the steel test specimen is removed from the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
apparatus and evaluated. The masses of deposits remaining
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
afterwashingwithpentane,afterwashingwithchloroform,and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
after wiping with a paper tissue are reported.
warning statements, see Section 7 and Annex A2.
4.2 An optional procedure (see Annex A1) provides a
2. Referenced Documents method for the determination of the tendency of sample vapors
to form deposits on heated surfaces.Asecond test specimen is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
placed in the vapor space over a thin flowing film of the liquid
D216 Method of Test for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
in a constant-temperature chamber (furnace liner).After circu-
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
lation of the test liquid for a specified time the deposits on the
ucts (Reid Method)
test specimen exposed to the liquid and the vapor phases are
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
measured in the manner described in 4.1.
Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
5. Significance and Use
Petroleum Products
5.1 The test method shall measure the deposit formation
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
tendencies of liquids on steel surfaces in air at 101.3 KPa
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
(1-atm) pressure. Other surfaces and other atmospheric media
2.2 ANSI Standard:
5 may be substituted for steel and air at 1 atm provided that the
C 96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.
substitution is noted in the test report.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1 Tube Furnace, with heating chamber 305 mm (12 in.)
,
6 7
long by 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in diameter (see Fig. 1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.2 Furnace Liner (constant-temperature chamber)—See
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Fig. 2.
D02.11 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
,
7 8
6.3 Temperature Controller.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
´1
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3711–95(2000) .
DOI: 10.1520/D3711-95R05.
2 6
United States Patent 2,669,865. Joseph Cole and John Krawetz. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or is the Type FD303A combustion furnace, Hoskins Manufacturing Co., Detroit, MI
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 48232.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
the ASTM website. ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
Withdrawn. ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
5 8
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. is a Model 520 Solid State Controller, Barber Colman Co., Rockford, IL.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3711–95 (2005)
in. mm
12 304.8
16 406.4
A—Inlet end cap H—Sample outlet tube
B—Sample delivery tube I—Sample sump
C—Gas atmosphere outlet J—Peristaltic pump
D—Metal test piece for thin liquid films K—Insulated terminals of furnace heater element
E—Furnace liner (with standard taper male end joints) L—Tube furnace
F—Outlet end cap TC1—Control thermocouple for furnace controller
G—Gas atmosphere inlet TC2—Thermocouple for test temperature read out
FIG. 1 Tube Furnace
6.5 Thermocouples, for temperature control and read-out in
accordance with ANSI C 96.1 (see Specification E230).
6.6 Pump, peristaltic or kinetic clamp type capable of
,
7 10
delivering 50 6 5 mL of sample per hour.
,
7 11
6.7 Tubing for use with pump.
6.8 Steel Test Specimens—See Fig. 3.
6.9 Analytical Balance capable of measuring mass of test
specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Chloroform (Warning—Can be fatal if swallowed.
Harmful if inhaled. May produce toxic vapors if burned. See
A2.1.) technical grade.
7.2 Chromic Acid Cleaning Solution (Warning—Causes
severe burns. A recognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, con-
tact with organic material can cause fire. Hygroscopic. See
2.2.)
7.3 Mild Steel Shim Stock, 0.051 mm (0.002 in.) thick.
1 ⁄16 in. = 30.1 mm
7.4 Pentane (Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if
D—Metal test piece for thin liquid films
E—Furnace liner (with standard tape male end joints)
inhaled. Vapors can cause flash fire. See A2.3.) commercial
M—Longitudinal aligning rods
grade, conforming to the following requirements:
FIG. 2 Furnace Liner
Any peristaltic pump capable of delivering the sample at the prescribed rate is
,
7 9
6.4 Potentiometer, direct-temperature readout.
satisfactory. Any tubing compatible with the sample may be used. It is recognized
that, due to viscosity and compatibility phenomena, no single pump and tubing
combination will be acceptable for use with all samples.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Kimwipes, Type 900M, Kimberly Clark Corp., Neenah, WI, have been found
is a Model 400A digital temperature indicator, Doric Scientific, San Diego, CA. satisfactory.
D3711–95 (2005)
10.5 Turn on the furnace and allow it to reach temperature
equilibrium at the desired test temperature. Start the sample
pump at the same time.
10.5.1 A test temperature of 533 K has been found to be
useful for the evaluation of the thin film deposit forming
characteristics of automotive crankcase oils and similar mate-
rials of petroleum origin. Synthetic materials and highly
refinedpetroleumfluidsmaybetestedathighertemperaturesif
desired.
10.6 Allow the sample to circulate from the sump, over the
in. mm
1 testspecimenandbacktothesumpfor5hafterthefurnacehas
1 ⁄8 28.5
9 228.6
reached temperature equilibrium.
10.7 After 5 h turn off the pump and remove the test
FIG. 3 Metal Test Piece Thin Film Liquid Contact
specimen from the furnace liner. Carefully rinse the test
specimen with three successive rinses of pentane to remove
Distillation (Method D216):
adhering sample. Dry at room temperature and weigh to the
Initial boiling point 306.5 K (92°F)
nearest 0.1 mg. Then rinse the test specimen carefully with
Dry point 313.8 K (105°F)
Olefins none
three successive rinses of chloroform. Dry at room temperature
Isopentane, max, % 20
and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Wipe the test specimen
n-Pentane, min, % 80
vigorously in the longitudinal direction with a piece of labo-
Reid vapor pressure 117 kPa (17 psi)
(Test Method D323), max
ratory tissue to remove loose deposits.Weigh the test specimen
to the nearest 0.1 mg.
8. Sampling
10.7.1 Test periods longer or shorter than 5 h may be used
8.1 The sample of test liquid shall be uncontaminated and
provided that their use is noted in the report of test results.
representative of the bulk liquid as specified in Practice D4057
10.7.2 Rinsethetestspecimenbyimmersioninthesolvents.
or Test Method D4177.
A spray of solvent from a wash bottle sh
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.