ASTM D7332/D7332M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a <brk/>Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce fastener pull-through resistance data for structural design allowables, research and development. The procedures may be used to assess pull-through resistance for a variety of composite laminate thicknesses, fastener diameters, and fastener head styles. However, the flexibility of test parameters allowed by the variants makes meaningful comparison between datasets difficult if the datasets were not generated using identical test parameters.
5.2 Early composite pull-through tests using fasteners common to metal structures led to premature joint failures, and resulted in the development of fasteners specific for composite applications. These fasteners have larger heads and tails to reduce through-thickness compression stresses on the composite laminate.
5.3 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.
5.4 Specific factors that influence the pull-through resistance of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: hole diameter, fastener diameter, fastener head diameter, loading bar spacing to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure A), clearance hole diameter to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure B), diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance, countersink angle and depth of countersink, type of grommet (if used), and type of support fixture. Fastener pull-through resistance properties which may be determined from this test method include initial sub-critical failure force/displacement, failure force, maximum force, and rupture displacement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener pull-through test method.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish a...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7332/D7332M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a
1
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7332/D7332M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites rein-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
forced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sponse exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both)
reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and
2. Referenced Documents
balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design
Resins
values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representa- Materials
tive of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
can change the actual boundary conditions. Gage Section by Shear Loading
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.4 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
fastener pull-through test method.
Composite Materials
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
tion
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
ing Machines
from the two systems shall not be combined.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
brackets.
terials
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
2
Structural Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7332/D7332M – 16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7332_D7332M-22. the ASTM website
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7332/D7332M − 16 D7332/D7332M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a
1
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7332/D7332M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by
high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when
a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The
composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for
which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and
thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development
purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can
be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent
to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener
pull-through test method.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system mustshall be
used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016May 1, 2022. Published August 2016May 2022. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
D7332/D7332MD7332/D7332M – 16.–15a. DOI: 10.1520/D7332_D7332M-16.10.1520/D7332_D7332M-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7332/D7332M − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to M
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7332/D7332M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a
1
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7332/D7332M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites rein-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
forced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sponse exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both)
reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and
2. Referenced Documents
balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design
Resins
values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representa-
Materials
tive of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
can change the actual boundary conditions.
Gage Section by Shear Loading
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
fastener pull-through test method.
Composite Materials
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
tion
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
ing Machines
from the two systems shall not be combined.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
brackets.
terials
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
2
Structural Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7332/D7332M – 16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7332_D7332M-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
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