ASTM E1444/E1444M-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Description of Process—Magnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitably prepared magnetic particles while the area is magnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particle accumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to the magnetic flux.
4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the magnetic particle testing method. This practice is written so that it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the examination personnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed written procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. This practice is intended for aerospace applications using the wet fluorescent method. Refer to Practice E3024/E3024M for industrial applications. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as a tutorial.
Note 1: This practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.
1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information.
1.3 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
1.4 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.5 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are included in the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard.
1.5.1 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1444/E1444M − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1444/E1444M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This practice is intended for aerospace applications using the
wet fluorescent method. Refer to Practice E3024/E3024M for 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
industrial applications. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with this practice as a tutorial.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 1—This practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or
near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle
2. Referenced Documents
testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic
the extent specified herein.
particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals
and alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
for additional information.
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are
Testing
outside the scope of this practice.
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.4 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement
E2297GuideforUseofUV-AandVisibleLightSourcesand
between the cognizant engineering organization and the
MetersusedintheLiquidPenetrantandMagneticParticle
supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering
Methods
organization.
E3022Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteris-
1.5 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM stan-
tics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used in
dard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are
Fluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing
included in the same standard, with each system of units to be
E3024/E3024MPractice for Magnetic Particle Testing for
regarded separately as standard.
General Industry
1.5.1 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
3
2.3 ASNT Documents:
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
SNT-TC-1APersonnel Qualification and Certification in
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each Nondestructive Testing
system shall be used independently of the other, and values ANSI/ASNTCP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
from the two systems shall not be combined. cation of NDT Personnel
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
structiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as E1444/E1444M–20. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
DOI: 10.1520/E1444_E1444M-21. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1444/E1444M − 21
4,5 11
2.4 SAE-AMS Documents: 2.11 ASD-STAN Document:
AMS2175 Castings, Classification and In
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1444/E1444M − 20 E1444/E1444M − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1444/E1444M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightly
subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. This practice is intended for aerospace applications using the wet fluorescent
method. Refer to Practice E3024/E3024M for industrial applications. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as
a tutorial.
NOTE 1—This practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.
1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the
surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finished
materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and alloys such as
austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information.
1.3 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
1.4 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or
specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.5 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are included in
the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard.
1.5.1 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20162020 as
ε1
E1444/E1444M – 16E1444/E1444M – 20. . DOI: 10.1520/E1444_E1444M-20.10.1520/E1444_E1444M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1444/E1444M − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to the extent specified herein.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2297 Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods
E3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteristics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used in Fluorescent
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing
E3024/E3024M Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for General Industry
3
2.3 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
4,5
2.4 SAE-AMS Documents:
AMS 2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection of
AMS 2641 Magnet
...
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