ASTM D4580-03
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice may be used in conjunction with other methods in determining the general condition of concrete bridge decks.
This practice may be used in determining specific areas of delamination requiring repair.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete mixtures; however, areas indicated to be delaminated may have a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck (Note 1).
Note 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise, vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not completely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this practice:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the recorder.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Chain Drag—This procedure consists of dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface. The detection of delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or hollow sounds. Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rod or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion—This procedure consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus attached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The percussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create either a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4580–03
Standard Practice for
Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by
1
Sounding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope percussiveforcecausedbythetappingwheelswillcreateeither
a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete
mixtures;however,areasindicatedtobedelaminatedmayhave
2. Significance and Use
a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge
2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with other
deck (Note 1).
methods in determining the general condition of concrete
NOTE 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise,
bridge decks.
vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not com-
2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areas
pletely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally
of delamination requiring repair.
agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this PROCEDURE A—ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
practice:
SOUNDING DEVICE
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—
3. Summary of Procedure
This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic
receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed 3.1 Longitudinal lines at a predetermined spacing are estab-
across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the lished on the bridge deck.
recorder. 3.2 After calibration, the sounding device is pushed along
1.2.2 ProcedureB,ChainDrag—This procedure consists of the established lines. Electrically powered tapping wheels emit
dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface.The detection of vibrations into the deck that are sensed by sonic receivers.
delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or Areas of delamination are indicated by deflections on a strip
hollowsounds.Tappingthebridgedecksurfacewithasteelrod chart recorder.
or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag. 3.3 All portions on the strip chart indicating delaminations
2
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion —This procedure are plotted on a scaled map of the bridge deck. An outline is
consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus at- made showing the areas of delamination.
tached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The
4. Apparatus
NOTE 2—The apparatus described here has been found suitable and is
the most common type commercially available. Other apparatuses that do
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
not exactly conform to these requirements such as sounding device,
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
tapping rate, or sonic receivers may also be accepted.
Bridges and Structures.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
4.1 Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—A small, three-
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4580 – 02.
wheeled cart upon which is mounted a 12-V battery, two
2
The rotary sound detecting device for concrete and procedure are patent
tapping wheels, two sonic receivers, a two-channel-strip re-
pending in the US Patent and Trademark Office by Philip K. Clark Company, Inc.,
corder, and associated connectors and cables.
503 Central Drive, Suite 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23454. Interested parties are
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this
4.1.1 Tapping Wheels— Two rigid-steel-tapping wheels ca-
patent pending item to ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
pable of tapping the bridge deck surface at the rate of 33
PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Your comments will receive
2 times/s. The tapping wheels shall be located approximately 6
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical subcommittee,
which you may attend. in. (152 m
...
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