ASTM D4788-03(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used in conjunction with other test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge deck.
Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delaminations in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
Note 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the information. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4788 − 03(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared
Thermography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nations appear as white or “hot’’ areas on a gray or “cooler’’
background in the video image on a monochrome scanner
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delamina-
system during daytime testing. During nighttime testing, the
tions in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared
delaminations will appear as dark or “cooler’’ areas on a white
thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed
or “warmer’’ background. Delaminations will appear as the
and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
warmer colors on color scanner systems during daytime
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed
testing. Calibration of thermal anomalies using sounding tech-
at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
niques are used to determine the colors associated with
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
delaminations.
NOTE 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays
3.2 The conventional video image is used to edit the
as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
infrared image and separate those patches or surface defects
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and
that may be present and may appear as hot areas.
video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations
3.3 The video recording is used to map the delaminated
and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the
areas at a suitable scale.
information.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
4.1 This test method may be used in conjunction with other
test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
deck.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in
determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4580 Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete 5.1 General—In order to collect data on the areal extent and
location of the delaminations, the following apparatus is
Bridge Decks by Sounding
required:
3. Summary of Test Method
5.1.1 Infrared Scanner—An imaging infrared scanner hav-
ing a minimum thermal resolution of 0.2 Celsius degrees under
3.1 The vehicle-mounted infrared scanner and video re-
ambient air conditions. The scanner shall be mounted on the
corder is driven over the center of each lane of a bridge deck.
front of the vehicle at a height sufficient to allow a minimum
The data from the scanner is recorded on video tape. Delami-
image width of 14 ft (4.3 m). The scanner shall be capable of
producing a television-compatible image.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.2 Video Recorders capable of reproducing a thermal
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
imageoraconventionalvideoimage.Eachdeviceshallhaveat
Bridges and Structures.
least one audio channel available and provide a minimum
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
resolution of 240 lines per inch. Two are required.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4788 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D4788-03R07.
5.1.3 Video Camera—Aconventional video camera capable
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of viewing a minimum image of 14 ft (4.3 m) and producing a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
color video signal that can be recorded on a standard video
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. recorder.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4788 − 03 (2007)
5.1.4 DistanceMeasuringDevice having an accuracy of 63 6.8 Survey the entire bridge deck by making one pass per
in. (76 mm) over the longest span in the deck. The output of lane. When shoulder areas are wider than 3 ft (1 m) make a
this device shall be recorded by both the infrared video separate pass along the shoulder.
recorder and the conventional video recorder.
6.9 Collect data at speeds no greater than 10 mph (16 kph).
5.1.5 Test Vehicle on which the imaging infrared scanner
6.10 Should field confirmation of the existence of a delami-
and video recorder will be mounted. The vehicle shall be
nated or debonded area be required, select a core location(s)
capableofsupportingtheinfraredscannerandtheconventional
during the inspection. Mark the location(s) for coring either
video camera at a height sufficient to allow a minimum width
during the survey or subsequent to the infrared survey.
of 14 ft (4.3 m) of pavement to be observed at one time. The
vehicle shall be capable of supplying the necessary electrical
7. Interpretation and Plotting of Results
power required for the instrumentation.
7.1 Plot the delamination
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4788–88(Reapproved1997) Designation: D 4788 – 03 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared
Thermography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delaminations in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared
thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
NOTE 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
1.2This1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations
and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the information.
1.3The1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.41.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4580 Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The vehicle-mounted infrared scanner and video recorder is driven over the center of each lane of a bridge deck. The data
from the scanner is recorded on video tape. Delaminations appear as white or “hot’’ areas on a gray or “cooler’’ background in
the video image on a monochrome scanner system during daytime testing. During nighttime testing, the delaminations will appear
as dark or “cooler’’ areas on a white or “warmer’’ background. Delaminations will appear as the warmer colors on color scanner
systems during daytime testing. Calibration of thermal anomalies using sounding techniques are used to determine the colors
associated with delaminations.
3.2 The conventional video image is used to edit the infrared image and separate those patches or surface defects that may be
present and may appear as hot areas.
3.3 The video recording is used to map the delaminated areas at a suitable scale.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method may be used in conjunction with other test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge deck.
4.2 Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and the
underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
5. Apparatus
5.1 General—In order to collect data on the areal extent and location of the delaminations, the following apparatus is required:
5.1.1 Infrared Scanner— An imaging infrared scanner having a minimum thermal resolution of 0.2 Celsius degrees under
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on Bridges
and Structures.
Current edition approved Sept. 30, 1988. Published November 1988.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on Bridges
and Structures.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4788 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4788 – 03 (2007)
ambient air conditions. The scanner shall be mounted on the front of the vehicle at a height sufficient to allow a minimum image
width of 14 ft (4.3 m). The scanner shall be capable of producing a television-compatible image.
5.1.2 Video Recorders capable of reproducing a thermal image or a conventional video image. Each device shall have at least
one audio channel available and provide a minimum resolution of 240 lines per inch. Two are required.
5.1.3 Video Camera— A conventional video camera capable of viewing a minimum image of 14 ft (4.3 m) and producing a
color video signal that can be recorded on a standard video recorder.
5.1.4 Distance Measuring Device having an accuracy of 63 in. (76 mm) over the longest span in the deck. The output of this
device shall be recorded by both the infrared video recorder and the conventional video recorder.
5.1.5 Test Vehicle on which the imaging infrared scanner and video recorder will be mounted. The vehicle shall be capable of
supporting the infrared scanner and the conventional video camera at a height sufficient to allow a minimum width of 14 ft (4.3
m) of pavement to be observed at one time. The vehicle shall be capable of supplying the necessary electrical power required for
the instrumentation.
5.1.6 Contact Thermometer having a minimum temperature resolution of Celsius degrees.
6. Procedure
6.1 Prior to the survey remove any debris that has accumulated on the deck.
6.2 Dry the bridge deck for a minimum of 24 h prior to the test.
6.3 Collect data from one
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