ASTM D4464-15(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Laser Light Scattering
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Laser Light Scattering
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this test method or any other method for particle size determination utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods. Particularly for fine materials (that is, average particle size 3
5.2 Light scattering theories (Fraunhofer Diffraction4 and Mie Scattering5) that are used for determination of particle size have been available for many years. Several manufacturers of testing equipment now have units based on these principles. Although each type of testing equipment utilizes the same basic principles for light scattering as a function of particle size, different assumptions pertinent to application of the theory and different models for converting light measurements to particle size, may lead to different results for each instrument. Furthermore, any particles which are outside the size measurement range of the instrument will be ignored, causing an increase in the reported percentages within the detectable range. A particle size distribution which ends abruptly at the detection limit of the instrument may indicate that particles outside the range are present. Therefore, use of this test method cannot guarantee directly comparable results from different types of instruments.
5.3 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions of catalysts, supports, and catalytic raw materials for specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work.
5.4 For fine materials (that is, average particle size 6
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of catalyst, catalyst carrier, and catalytic raw material particles and is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. The range of average particle sizes investigated was from 1 to 300 μm equivalent spherical diameter. The technique is capable of measuring particles above and below this range. The angle and intensity of laser light scattered by the particles are selectively measured to permit calculation of a volume distribution using light-scattering techniques.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4464 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Laser
1
Light Scattering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheparticle
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
size distribution of catalyst, catalyst carrier, and catalytic raw
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
material particles and is one of several found valuable for the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
measurement of particle size. The range of average particle
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization
sizes investigated was from 1 to 300 µm equivalent spherical
Data
diameter. The technique is capable of measuring particles
above and below this range. The angle and intensity of laser
3. Terminology
light scattered by the particles are selectively measured to
3.1 Definitions and recommended nomenclature pertaining
permit calculation of a volume distribution using light-
to catalysts and to materials used in their manufacture can be
scattering techniques.
found in Terminology D3766.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 background—extraneous scattering of light by mate-
standard.
rial present in the dispersion fluid other than the particles to be
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured. It includes scattering by contamination in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement path.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction—the optical theory that de-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
scribes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
large compared to the wavelength of the incident light.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.3 Mie Scattering—the complex electromagnetic theory
that describes the scattering of light by spherical particles. It is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- applied when the sample includes particles with diameters that
are close to the wavelength of the incident light. The real and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. imaginaryindicesoflightrefractionoftheparticlesareneeded.
3.2.4 multiple scattering—the re-scattering of light by a
2. Referenced Documents
particle in the path of light scattered by another particle. This
2
usually occurs in heavy concentrations of a particle dispersion.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis
4. Summary of Test Method
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
4.1 Aprepared sample of particulate material is dispersed in
water or a compatible organic liquid and is circulated through
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on the path of a laser light beam or some other suitable source of
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
light. The particles pass through the light beam and scatter it.
Mechanical Properties.
Photodetector arrays collect the scattered light which is con-
Current edition approved May 15, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
verted to electrical signals to be analyzed using Fraunhofer
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4464 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D4464-15R20.
Diffraction, or Mie Scattering, or both. Scattering information,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
typically, is analyzed assuming a spherical geometry for the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
particles. Calculated particle sizes are, therefore, presented as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. equivalent spherical diameters.
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