ASTM D6640-01(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations
Standard Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Often during environmental investigations, soils are analyzed after being collected from the surface, the vadose zone (Terminology D653) and sometimes from below the ground water table to identify and quantify the presence of a chemical contaminant. A contaminant is a substance that is typically hazardous and either is not normally present or that occurs naturally but is of an uncharacteristically high concentration (Guide D4687). A three-dimensional spatial array of samples can often provide information as to the source and route(s) of migration of the contaminant. The resultant information is used to direct remedial and corrective actions or can be used for monitoring purposes. Obtaining a soil sample with a core barrel sampler involves driving this device into the ground and then retrieving it for sample processing. Several methods for advancing a core barrel are generally acceptable (for example, Test Method D1586, Practice D1587, Practice D3550, Guide D4700, Guide D5784, Guide D5875, Guide D5876, Practice D6151, Guide D6282, and Guide D6286). Drilling methods that use drilling fluids (liquids or air) should be avoided because they are more susceptible to cross-contamination (See 5.1.6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining soils from core barrel samplers for chemical and physical analysis, with an emphasis on the collection and handling procedures that maintain the representativeness of the chemical contaminants of concern. Core barrel samplers are initially empty (hollow) until they are pushed into the ground to collect and retrieve a cylindrical soil sample with minimal disturbance. The selection of equipment and the sample handling procedures are dependent on the soil properties, the depth of sampling, and the general properties of the chemical contaminants of concern, that is, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and inorganic constituents. The sampling procedures described are designed to maintain representative concentrations of the contaminants regardless of their physical state(s), that is, solid, liquid or gas.
1.2 Four general types of core barrel samplers are discussed in this practice: split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube, and solid-barrel samplers.
1.3 This document does not cover all the core barrel devices that are available for the collection of soil samples.
1.4 The procedures described may or may not be applicable to handling of samples for assessing certain geotechnical properties, for example, soil porosity.
Note 1: Prior to commencement of any intrusive exploration, the site should be checked for underground utilities.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel
Samplers for Environmental Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining soils from
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
core barrel samplers for chemical and physical analysis, with
Fluids
an emphasis on the collection and handling procedures that
D1586 Test Method for Standard PenetrationTest (SPT) and
maintain the representativeness of the chemical contaminants
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
of concern. Core barrel samplers are initially empty (hollow)
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
until they are pushed into the ground to collect and retrieve a
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
cylindricalsoilsamplewithminimaldisturbance.Theselection
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
of equipment and the sample handling procedures are depen-
Drive Sampling of Soils
dent on the soil properties, the depth of sampling, and the
D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
general properties of the chemical contaminants of concern,
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
that is, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
compounds, and inorganic constituents. The sampling proce-
Organic Compounds
dures described are designed to maintain representative con-
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
centrations of the contaminants regardless of their physical
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
state(s), that is, solid, liquid or gas.
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
1.2 Four general types of core barrel samplers are discussed
Used at Waste Sites
in this practice: split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube,
D5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvi-
and solid-barrel samplers.
ronmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface
1.3 This document does not cover all the core barrel devices
Water Quality Monitoring Devices
that are available for the collection of soil samples.
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
1.4 The procedures described may or may not be applicable
Data Quality Objectives
to handling of samples for assessing certain geotechnical
D5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling
properties, for example, soil porosity.
NOTE 1—Prior to commencement of any intrusive exploration, the site Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installa-
should be checked for underground utilities.
tion of Subsurface Water Quality Monitoring Devices
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the D5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing
Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality
Monitoring Devices
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6151 Practice for Using Hollow-StemAugers for Geotech-
nical Exploration and Soil Sampling
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on
Sampling Equipment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6640 – 01 (2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6640-01R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6640 − 01 (2015)
D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling rule samples obtained for semi-volatile organic compound
Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi- analysiscanbeobtainedwithinacorebarrelorcorebarrelliner
gations that is composed of stainless steel, steel, or brass. When only
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for inorganic constituents are of concern, a plastic core barrel liner
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities would be more appropriate than the previously cited materials.
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ- All of these materials are suitable for volatile organic com-
mental Site Characterizations pounds as long as the contact time is minimized. Often all of
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environ- the above samples (semi-volatile organic, inorganic, and vola-
mental Site Characterization tileorganiccompounds)areobtainedfromasinglesoilcore.In
this situation, soils should be taken from the interior of the soil
3. Summary of Practice
core to avoid potential interferences between the contaminants
of concern and the surface of the core barrel that is in direct
3.1 Obtaining soil samples from the surface and subsurface
contact with the sample.
for chemical and physical analysis often involves the advance-
5.1.2 The design of the core barrel sampler should allow for
ment of a core barrel sampler into the ground. A core barrel
easy access to the sampled substrate for all subsequent han-
sampler can be operated by hand or mechanically, and it may
dling procedures.
be of a closed or open design (Guide D6282). Once the core
5.1.3 Core barrel size requirements depend on the type and
barrel has been filled, the sampler is recovered from the bore
number of chemical constituents of concern. For example,
hole and the soil sample is handled appropriately for the
more soil is needed for the collection of samples intended for
chemical constituents of concern.
semi-volatile organic compound analysis than for the analysis
3.2 This practice describes collection and handling proce-
of volatile organic compounds or inorganic constituents or
dures used with four types of core barrel samplers. The
both. Typically, a 250-mL(8-oz) bottle is filled for the analysis
standards related to data quality objectives (Practice D5792),
ofsemi-volatileorganiccompounds,a125-mL(4-oz)bottlefor
equipment specifications (Guides D6232, D6169 and D4700),
inorganic constituents, and only 5-g subsamples are taken for
their limitations and advantages (Guide D6282), and the
volatile organic compounds.
site-specific geological and hydrological data should be re-
5.1.4 Suitability for soil type, that is, grain size, cohesion
viewed to determine the soil coring equipment that is best
properties, and moisture content. For example, when sampling
suited for a specific project.
non-cohesive materials or when sampling below the water
table, a core catcher (basket) should be used to limit the loss of
4. Significance and Use
sample and ground water during retrieval (Guides D4700 and
4.1 Often during environmental investigations, soils are
D6282).
analyzed after being collected from the surface, the vadose
5.1.5 The spreading of contamination between sampling
zone (Terminology D653) and sometimes from below the
depths should be minimized. Sealed hollow-barrel samplers
ground water table to identify and quantify the presence of a
(6.1.4) or cased bore holes and proper advancement techniques
chemical contaminant. A contaminant is a substance that is
should be used to limit cross-contamination between sampling
typically hazardous and either is not normally present or that
depths in the vadose zone.Although a cased bore hole does not
occurs naturally but is of an uncharacteristically high concen-
guarantee that contamination will not be spread from one
tration (Guide D4687). A three-dimensional spatial array of
sampling depth to another, it lowers the possibility and
samples can often provide information as to the source and
eliminates the potential for bore hole collapse and side wall
route(s) of migration of the contaminant. The resultant infor-
slough that can compromise the integrity of the samples
mation is used to direct remedial and corrective actions or can
removed from uncased bore holes. When there is standing
be used for monitoring purposes. Obtaining a soil sample with
ground water in the bore hole, a sealed sampler system should
a core barrel sampler involves driving this device into the
be used.
ground and then retrieving it for sample processing. Several
5.1.6 Other criteria that should be considered when select-
methods for advancing a core barrel are generally acceptable
ing a core barrel sampler for soil sampling include sampling
(for example, Test Method D1586, Practice D1587, Practice
depth (see Guide D6286, for selection of drilling method), site
D3550, Guide D4700, Guide D5784, Guide D5875, Guide
accessibility, time constraints, and appropriate equipment
D5876, Practice D6151, Guide D6282, and Guide D6286).
availability.
Drilling methods that use drilling fluids (liquids or air) should
6. Sampling Equipment
be avoided because they are more susceptible to cross-
contamination (See 5.1.6).
6.1 The types of core barrel samplers discussed in this
practice are the split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube,
5. Equipment Selection Criteria
and solid-barrel samplers. These samplers are part of equip-
5.1 Important criteria to consider when selecting a core ment that is either manually or mechanically powered, are
barrel sampler for soil sampling are: designed to excavate a bore hole to the sampling depth, and
5.1.1 The materials that come into direct contact with the may remain in the bore hole during the sample collection
soil sample (barrel or barrel liner) should be compatible with activity (that is, cased bore hole or dual-walled casing).
the chemical or physical properties of the contaminant(s) of 6.1.1 Split-Barrel Sampler—As described in Test Method
concern and the chemical properties of the soil. As a general D1586 and Guide D4700, the split-barrel sampler is composed
D6640 − 01 (2015)
of a core barrel cut in half along the length of the barrel, a
hardened metal drive shoe (cutting tip) and a sample head that
vents (for example, a ball check valve) to allow air to be
displaced as it is filled (see Fig. 1). The shoe and the head
thread onto opposite ends of the split barrel and hold the two
halvestogether.Acommonbarrelsizeis5.08cm(2in.)outside
diameter and 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) inside diameter. The drive shoe
used with this particular barrel size has an inside diameter of
3.49 cm (1.375 in.). If fitted with a liner for encasing the
sample, the inside diameter of the core barrel liner should not
be less than the drive shoe. Several other sizes of split-barrel
samplers are available, with inside diameters ranging from 2.5
to 10 cm. A core barrel catcher (basket) can be used with this
type of sampler to help retain non-cohesive materials. The
split-barrel sampler is often used in conjunction with hollow-
stem continuous-flight augers or an equivalent drilling or
direct-push probe system (Guides D4700 and D6282).
6.1.2 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampler—As described in Practice
D3550andGuideD4700,thering-linedbarrelsamplerconsists
ofanintactbarrelortwosplit-barrelhalves,adriveshoe,rings,
a waste barrel, and a sampler head that vents (for example, a
ball check valve) to allow air to be displaced as it is filled (Fig.
2). The rings, which come in various lengths and are made of
several different materials, should fit snugly within the barrel.
FIG. 2 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampler
The inside diameter of the rings should not be less than that of
the drive shoe opening.The lengths of the rings will depend on
the sampling plan so as to either allow quick access to a cross
section of the soil core at a depth of interest or allow the
appropriate size sample to be collected (see 8.1.2). The waste
barrel section allows the rings to be filled with undisturbed soil
by leaving space to contain the disturbed soil that often is
present at the bottom of a hole. A core catcher (basket) can be
used with this type of sampler to help retain non-cohesive
materials. This sampler is often used in conjunction with
hollow-stem continuous flight augers, or an equivalent drilling
or direct-push probe system (Guides D4700 and D6282).
6.1.3 Thin-Walled Tube Sampler—As described in Practice
D1587andGuideD4700,thethin-walledtubesamplerconsists
of a core barrel attached to a head (Fig. 3). The head connects
to standard drill rods and contains a vent (for example, a ball
check valve) to allow air to be displaced as it is filled. This
sampler description is unique to the Shelby tube, which is
availablewithoutsidediametersof5.08,7.62,and12.70cm(2,
3, and 5 in.), and a length of approximately 0.91 m (36 in.). In
all cases the drive end of the thin-walled tube sampler has a
slightly smaller diameter than the inside of the tube. A core
barrel catcher (basket) cannot be used with this type of
sampler; therefore, non-cohesive materials may be lost during
FIG. 1 Split Barrel Sampler retrieval. These samplers are often used in conjunction with
D6640 − 01 (2015)
FIG. 3 Thin-Walled Tube Sampler
hollow-stem continuous-flight augers or an equivalent drilling
FIG. 4 Direct Push, Single Tube Sampler
or direct-push probe system (Guides D4700 and D6282).
6.1.4 Solid Barrel Sampler—The solid-barrel sampler is
7.1.2 Thecuttingtiporshoeshouldhaveasharpedge.Once
similar in design to the thin-tube sampler, with some important
dulled, the cutting tip or shoe should be sharpened or replaced.
exceptions; the walls are thicker and they often can be
7.1.3 A work station should be set up for capping the core
equipped with a liner(s) and a core catcher (Guide D6282, see
barrel sampler or when opening to remove subsamples. This
Figs. 4 and 5). Most of the core barrel samplers in Guide
work station should consist of a flat clean surface and be set up
D6282 are designed to be a closed chamber until the depth of
in a location which provides protection from extreme weather
interest is reached, then eith
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2010) D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel
Samplers for Environmental Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining soils from core barrel samplers for chemical and physical analysis, with an
emphasis on the collection and handling procedures that maintain the representativeness of the chemical contaminants of concern.
Core barrel samplers are initially empty (hollow) until they are pushed into the ground to collect and retrieve a cylindrical soil
sample with minimal disturbance. The selection of equipment and the sample handling procedures are dependent on the soil
properties, the depth of sampling, and the general properties of the chemical contaminants of concern, that is, volatile organic
compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and inorganic constituents. The sampling procedures described are designed to
maintain representative concentrations of the contaminants regardless of their physical state(s), that is, solid, liquid or gas.
1.2 Four general types of core barrel samplers are discussed in this practice: split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube, and
solid-barrel samplers.
1.3 This document does not cover all the core barrel devices that are available for the collection of soil samples.
1.4 The procedures described may or may not be applicable to handling of samples for assessing certain geotechnical properties,
for example, soil porosity.
NOTE 1—Prior to commencement of any intrusive exploration, the site should be checked for underground utilities.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface
Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of
Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on Sampling
Equipment.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2015. Published June 2010September 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D6640-01 (2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6640-01R10.10.1520/D6640-01R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
D5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and
Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Obtaining soil samples from the surface and subsurface for chemical and physical analysis often involves the advancement
of a core barrel sampler into the ground. A core barrel sampler can be operated by hand or mechanically, and it may be of a closed
or open design ((Guide D6282). Once the core barrel has been filled, the sampler is recovered from the bore hole and the soil
sample is handled appropriately for the chemical constituents of concern.
3.2 This practice describes collection and handling procedures used with four types of core barrel samplers. The standards
related to data quality objectives ((Practice D5792), equipment specifications ((Guides D6232, D6169 and D4700), their limitations
and advantages ((Guide D6282), and the site-specific geological and hydrological data should be reviewed to determine the soil
coring equipment that is best suited for a specific project.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Often during environmental investigations, soils are analyzed after being collected from the surface, the vadose zone
((Terminology D653) and sometimes from below the ground water table to identify and quantify the presence of a chemical
contaminant. A contaminant is a substance that is typically hazardous and either is not normally present or that occurs naturally
but is of an uncharacteristically high concentration ((Guide D4687). A three-dimensional spatial array of samples can often provide
information as to the source and route(s) of migration of the contaminant. The resultant information is used to direct remedial and
corrective actions or can be used for monitoring purposes. Obtaining a soil sample with a core barrel sampler involves driving this
device into the ground and then retrieving it for sample processing. Several methods for advancing a core barrel are generally
acceptable (e.g., (for example, Test Method D1586, Practice D1587, Practice D3550, Guide D4700, Guide D5784, Guide D5875,
Guide D5876, Practice D6151, Guide D6282, and Guide D6286). Drilling methods that use drilling fluids (liquids or air) should
be avoided because they are more susceptible to cross-contamination (See Section 5.1.6).
5. Equipment Selection Criteria
5.1 Important criteria to consider when selecting a core barrel sampler for soil sampling are:
5.1.1 The materials that come into direct contact with the soil sample (barrel or barrel liner) should be compatible with the
chemical or physical properties of the contaminant(s) of concern and the chemical properties of the soil. As a general rule samples
obtained for semi-volatile organic compound analysis can be obtained within a core barrel or core barrel liner that is composed
of stainless steel, steel, or brass. When only inorganic constituents are of concern, a plastic core barrel liner would be more
appropriate than the previously cited materials. All of these materials are suitable for volatile organic compounds as long as the
contact time is minimized. Often all of the above samples (semi-volatile organic, inorganic, and volatile organic compounds) are
obtained from a single soil core. In this situation, soils should be taken from the interior of the soil core to avoid potential
interferences between the contaminants of concern and the surface of the core barrel that is in direct contact with the sample.
5.1.2 The design of the core barrel sampler should allow for easy access to the sampled substrate for all subsequent handling
procedures.
5.1.3 Core barrel size requirements depend on the type and number of chemical constituents of concern. For example, more soil
is needed for the collection of samples intended for semi-volatile organic compound analysis than for the analysis of volatile
organic compounds or inorganic constituents or both. Typically, a 250-mL (8-oz) bottle is filled for the analysis of semi-volatile
organic compounds, a 125-mL (4-oz) bottle for inorganic constituents, and only 5-g subsamples are taken for volatile organic
compounds.
5.1.4 Suitability for soil type, that is, grain size, cohesion properties, and moisture content. For example, when sampling
non-cohesive materials or when sampling below the water table, a core catcher (basket) should be used to limit the loss of sample
and ground water during retrieval ((Guides D4700 and D6282).
5.1.5 The spreading of contamination between sampling depths should be minimized. Sealed hollow-barrel samplers (6.1.4) or
cased bore holes and proper advancement techniques should be used to limit cross-contamination between sampling depths in the
vadose zone. Although a cased bore hole does not guarantee that contamination will not be spread from one sampling depth to
another, it lowers the possibility and eliminates the potential for bore hole collapse and side wall slough that can compromise the
integrity of the samples removed from uncased bore holes. When there is standing ground water in the bore hole, a sealed sampler
system should be used.
D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
5.1.6 Other criteria that should be considered when selecting a core barrel sampler for soil sampling include sampling depth (see
Guide D6286, for selection of drilling method), site accessibility, time constraints, and appropriate equipment availability.
6. Sampling Equipment
6.1 The types of core barrel samplers discussed in this practice are the split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube, and
solid-barrel samplers. These samplers are part of equipment that is either manually or mechanically powered, are designed to
excavate a bore hole to the sampling depth, and may remain in the bore hole during the sample collection activity (i.e., (that is,
cased bore hole or dual-walled casing).
6.1.1 Split-Barrel Sampler—As described in Methods Test Method D1586 and Guide D4700, the split-barrel sampler is
composed of a core barrel cut in half along the length of the barrel, a hardened metal drive shoe (cutting tip) and a sample head
that vents (e.g., (for example, a ball check valve) to allow air to be displaced as it is filled (see Fig. 1). The shoe and the head thread
onto opposite ends of the split barrel and hold the two halves together. A common barrel size is 5.08 cm (2 in.) outside diameter
and 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) inside diameter. The drive shoe used with this particular barrel size has an inside diameter of 3.49 cm (1.375
in.). If fitted with a liner for encasing the sample, the inside diameter of the core barrel liner should not be less than the drive shoe.
Several other sizes of split-barrel samplers are available, with inside diameters ranging from 2.5 to 10 cm. A core barrel catcher
(basket) can be used with this type of sampler to help retain non-cohesive materials. The split-barrel sampler is often used in
conjunction with hollow-stem continuous-flight augers or an equivalent drilling or direct-push probe system ((Guides D4700 and
D6282).
6.1.2 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampler—As described in MethodsPractice D3550 and Guide D4700, the ring-lined barrel sampler
consists of an intact barrel or two split-barrel halves, a drive shoe, rings, a waste barrel, and a sampler head that vents (e.g., (for
example, a ball check valve) to allow air to be displaced as it is filled (Fig. 2). The rings, which come in various lengths and are
made of several different materials, should fit snugly within the barrel. The inside diameter of the rings should not be less than
that of the drive shoe opening. The lengths of the rings will depend on the sampling plan so as to either allow quick access to a
cross section of the soil core at a depth of interest or allow the appropriate size sample to be collected (see section 8.1.2). The waste
FIG. 1 Split Barrel Sampler
D6640 − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
FIG. 2 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampler
barrel section allows the rings to be filled with undisturbed soil by leaving space to contain the disturbed soil that often is present
at the bottom of a hole. A core catcher (basket) can be used with this type of sampler to help retain non-cohesive materials. This
sampler is often used in conjunction with hollow-stem continuous flight augers, or an equivalent drilling or direct-push probe
system ((Guides D4700 and D6282).
6.1.3 Thin-Walled Tube Sampler—As described in MethodsPractice D1587 and Guide D4700, the thin-walled tube sampler
consists of a core barrel attached to a head (Fig. 3). The head connects to standard drill rods and contains a vent (e.g., (for example,
a ball check valve) to allow air to be displaced as it is filled. This sampler description is unique to the Shelby tube, which is
available with outside diameters of 5.08, 7.62, and 12.70 cm (2, 3, and 5 in.), and a length of approximately 0.91 m (36 in.). In
all cases the drive end of the thin-walled tube sampler has a slightly smaller diameter than the inside of the tube. A core barrel
catcher (basket) cannot be used with this type of sampler; therefore, non-cohesive materials may be lost during retrieval. These
samplers are often used in conjunction with hollow-stem continuous-flight augers or an equivalent drilling or direct-push probe
system ((Guides D4700 and D6282).
6.1.4 Solid Barrel Sampler—The solid-barrel sampler is similar in design to the thin-tube sampler, with some important
exceptions; the walls are thicker and they often can be equipped with a liner(s) and a core catcher (Method(Guide D6282, see Figs.
4 and 5). Most of the core barrel samplers in Guide D6282 are designed
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