ASTM D8297/D8297M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP) Performance in Protecting Slopes from Sequential Rainfall-Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope
Standard Test Method for Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP) Performance in Protecting Slopes from Sequential Rainfall-Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method utilizes large-scale testing equipment and procedures established at a variety of testing laboratories over the last 30 years.
5.2 This method is useful in evaluating ECPs and their installation to reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations when exposed to defined rainfall conditions and improving water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids and turbidity.
5.3 This test method is a performance test, but can also be used for acceptance testing to determine product conformance to project specifications. For project-specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be considered. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete at this time, and differences in soil and other environmental and geotechnical conditions may affect ECP performance.
5.4 This standard can also be used as a comparative tool for evaluating the erosion control characteristics of different ECPs and can also be used to gain agency approvals.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having a target rainfall intensity of 3.5 in./h [90 mm/h].
1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for a specific application where no performance information currently exists.
1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is n...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8297/D8297M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP)
Performance in Protecting Slopes from Sequential Rainfall-
1
Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8297/D8297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
ing values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of
with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than
erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-
inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this
induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The
standard.
standard slopes range from 2:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having a target
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
rainfall intensity of 3.5 in./h [90 mm/h].
when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound
1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for
ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops,
mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F =
thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment
ma) calculations are involved.
through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage
1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the
slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales
effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a com-
3
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
parative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
under controlled and documented conditions. This test method
1.5.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units;
can provide information about a product that is under consid-
either gravitational inch-pound or SI. Other units are permis-
eration for a specific application where no performance infor-
sible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to
mation currently exists.
maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and
1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil
similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.
types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are accept-
able providing the environmental conditions are met.
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct r
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8297/D8297M − 22 D8297/D8297M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP)
Performance in Protecting Slopes from Sequential Rainfall-
1
Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8297/D8297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced
erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having a target rainfall intensity of
3.5 in./h [90 mm/h].
1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby
reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby
reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP.
When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs
being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.
1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the
effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under
controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for
a specific application where no performance information currently exists.
1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff
collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are
met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not
be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)
calculations are involved.
1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and Sediment
Control Technology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2023. Published June 2022November 2023. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 20202022 as
D8297/D8297M – 20.D8297/D8297M – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D8297_D8297M-22.10.1520/D8297_D8297M-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8297/D8297M − 23
(lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems.
It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this
standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use
3
of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded as nonconformance
with this standard.
1.5.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either gravitational inch-pound or SI. Other units are permissible provided
appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency
...
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