ASTM D7101-07

Standard Index Test Method for Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions

SCOPE
1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated rolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff induced erosion. The critical element of this protection is the ability of the unvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through "splash" mechanisms, and limiting the ability of runoff to carry the loosened soil particles.
1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and is not indicative of unvegetated RECP performance in conditions typically found in the field.Note 1
The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for initial performance indication, general product comparison and conformance purposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP soil protection in actual field use with such calculations as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests.
1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this index test method to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using the index test method.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2007
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D7101-08 - Standard Index Test Method for Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8151-19e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7101–07
Standard Index Test Method for
Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control
Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and
Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, re-
of this index test method to consider significant digits used in
quirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unveg-
analytical methods for engineering design.
etated rolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve
induced erosion. The critical element of this protection is the
use of hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the
ability of the unvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
“splash”mechanisms,andlimitingtheabilityofrunofftocarry
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must
the loosened soil particles.
comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Oc-
1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing
cupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while
procedures and is not indicative of unvegetated RECP perfor-
using the index test method.
mance in conditions typically found in the field.
NOTE 1—The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for 2. Referenced Documents
initial performance indication, general product comparison and conform-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ance purposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
soil protection in actual field use with such calculations as the Universal
Fluids
Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
(RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale
kN-m/m ))
simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
that are required in the design of erosion control measures
cal Data
utilizing unvegetated RECPs.
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
only.
D 6459 Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hills-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
lopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion
Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
D 6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area of
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
Erosion Control Blankets
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
D 6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
Turf Reinforcement Mats
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3. Terminology
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3.1 Definitions: For common definitions of terms in this
ations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to
standard, refer to Terminology D 653.
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sediment Control Technology. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7101–07
4. Summary of Test Method ties, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing.
The results of this test are not indicative of an RECP’s actual
4.1 Soil cores consisting of containers with both bare and
field performance.
unvegetated RECP-protected soil are exposed to simulated
rainfall.
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
4.2 The amount of soil that splashes out of or is dislodged
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
and carried by runoff from the containers is collected and
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
weighed. The results can be used to compare bare and
and objective testing/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this standard are
RECP-protected situations.
cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself assure
4.3 Key elements of the testing process include: 1) calibra-
reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740
tion of the rainfall simulation equipment; 2) preparation of the
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
test cores; 3) documentation of the RECP to be tested; 4)
installation of the RECP; 5) prosecution of the test; 6) 6. Apparatus
collection of data; 7) analysis of the resultant data, and; 8)
6.1 Rainfall Simulator—Rainfall is produced by a labora-
reporting.
torysimulatorcapableofcreatinguniformdropswithamedian
diameter of 3.0 to 3.5 mm (0.12 to 0.14 in.) from a drop height
5. Significance and Use
of 2000.0 mm (78.72 in.) above the lowest point of the incline
5.1 This index test method indicates a unvegetated RECP’s structure (see 6.3). The rainfall simulator shall be capable of
ability to reduce rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale producing rainfall intensities of 51 6 5 mm/hr (2 6 0.2 in./hr),
conditions. This test method may also assist in identifying 102 6 5 mm/hr (4 6 0.2 in./hr), and 153 6 5 mm/hr (6 6 0.2
physical attributes of RECPs that contribute to their erosion- in./hr). The simulator must be centered over the test area to
control performance. provide uniform rain application over the entire incline struc-
5.2 This test method is bench-scale and therefore, appropri- ture (Fig. 1).
ate as an index test for initial indication of product perfor- 6.2 Soil Cores—Consist of water-tight containers nominally
mance, for general comparison of unvegetated RECP capabili- 200 6 10 mm (8 6 0.4 in.) inside diameter plastic pipe section
FIG. 1 Slope Erosion: Bench Scale Laboratory Test Apparatus
D7101–07
cylinders with height of 100 6 10 mm (4 6 0.4 in.) holding 8.2.3 Placethreeofthepreparedsoilcoresintotheopenings
soil and test specimens. of the incline structure. The top edges of the cores are to be a
6.3 Incline Structure—Required is an incline structure com- minimum of 2 cm (0.8 in) away from the sides of the runoff
prisedofthreeadjacent“runofframps”eachhavinganopening ramps.
at its lower end to accommodate a recessed soil core. The
8.2.4 For RECP-protected cores, place the RECP test
ramps shall be 900 6 20 mm (35 6 0.8 in.) in length and 250
sample over the entire incline structure including the soil core
6 20 mm wide (10 6 0.8 in.). The incline structure shall be
surfaces. Clip or otherwise affix the sample to the raised
adjustable to a slope gradient of at least 3:1 (horizontal:verti-
barriers between runoff ramps in such a way to avoid obstruc-
cal) and be able to maintain the desired slope. The incline
tion of flow and facilitate intimate contact with the runoff ramp
structure shall have raised dividers (at least 25.0 mm (1 in.)
and the soil surfaces of the cores.
tall) between ramps to prevent cross-ramp soil splash and
8.2.4.1 Each RECP specimen shall be weighed and mea-
run-on/runoff (Fig. 1).
sured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance with
6.4 Collection Buckets—Any type of bucket having suffi-
Test Methods D 6475 and D 6566 prior to affixing to the runoff
cient diameter and volume to collect all runoff from the runoff
ramps.
ramp may be used.
8.3 Test Operation and Data Collection
6.5 Filters—Whatman #3 filter paper to separate sediment
8.3.1 Cover the incline structure and soil cores with a
from soil and water solution.
waterproof lid or canopy and activate rainfall simulator at the
6.6 Miscellaneous—Other miscellaneous equipment in-
target intensity. Both the RECP protected and bare soil control
cludes: sieve set (standard US sieves), evaporating dishes,
cores shall be subjected to three target rainfall intensities of 51
drying oven, and balance.
6 5 mm/hr (2 6 0.2 in./hr), 102 6 5 mm/hr (4 6 0.2 in./hr),
and153 65mm/hr(6 60.2in./hr),unlessotherintensi
...