ASTM D7262-23

Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of Soil and Aquifer Solids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods A and B are used to estimate the permanganate natural oxidant demand exerted by the soil or aquifer solids by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by naturally occurring species as a function of time. Test Method C is used to estimate the permanganate total oxidant demand exerted by soil, aquifer solids, chemical contaminants or any other reduced species by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by all components of the bulk aquifer as a function of time. Typically, the measurement of oxidant demand is used to screen potential sites for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (Test Methods A and C) and provide information to aid in the design of remediation systems (Test Methods B and C).  
5.2 While some oxidizable species react relatively quickly (that is, days to weeks), others react more slower (weeks to months). Consequently, the PNODt is expected to be some fraction of the PNODmax.  
5.3 For ISCO injection applications, the PNOD may overestimate the demand exerted due to mass transport related issues. For soil blending applications, the PNOD is a more accurate measure of the demand exerted due to better mass to oxidant contact.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and so forth.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:
Test Method A—48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand
Test Method B—Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics  
Test Method C—Permanganate Total Oxidant Demand  
1.2 These test methods are limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 40 g KMnO4 per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Methods A and C) or two weeks (Method B).  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2023
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7262 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of
1
Soil and Aquifer Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of the perman-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determi-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
nation of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO )
4
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under
specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species
2. Referenced Documents
may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic
2
ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods are included: D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Test Method A—48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Fluids
Demand D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Test Method B—Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Kinetics Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Test Method C—Permanganate Total Oxidant Demand Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.2 These test methods are limited by the reagents employed
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 40 g
Construction Materials Testing
KMnO per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours
4
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Re-
(Methods A and C) or two weeks (Method B).
cords in Geotechnical Data
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
Practice D6026.
D6169 Guide for Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded Sampling Devices for Environmental and Geotechnical
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Investigations
standard. D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-
mental Site Characterizations
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push
the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface
interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability
Site Characterization
of these results prior to use.
3
2.2 Other Standards:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
APHA/AWWA/WEF Method 4500—KMnO Standard
4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
20th Ed. 1998
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ANSI/AWWA B603-03 Standard for Permanganates
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Vadose Zone Investigations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7262–10(2016) . DOI: Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
10.1520/D7262-23. Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7262 − 23
criteria of Practice D3740 are gene
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7262 − 10 (Reapproved 2016) D7262 − 23
Standard Test MethodMethods for
Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of
1
Soil and Aquifer Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes in July 2016.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method coversThese test methods cover the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through
the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO ) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable
4
species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may
include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are
included:
Test Method A—48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand
Test Method B—Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics
Test Method C—Permanganate Total Oxidant Demand
1.2 This test method isThese test methods are limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand
(PNOD) of 6040 g KMnO per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Method A) (Methods A and C) or two weeks
4
(Method B).
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to interpret
the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method isThese test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21
on Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved July 15, 2016July 1, 2023. Published August 2016July 2023. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
ɛ1
D7262D7262–10(2016) –10. DOI: 10.1520/D7262-10R16E01. DOI: 10.1520/D7262-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7262 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Records in Geotechnical Data
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6169 Guide for Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices for Environmental and Geotechnical Investigations
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site
Characterization
3
2.2 Other Standards:
APHA/AWWA/WEF Method 4500—KMnO Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed. 1998
4
ANSI/AWWA B603-03 Standard for Permanganates
3. Terminology
3.1 For common definitions of t
...