ASTM E1306-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples by Electric Arc Remelting for the Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practice for Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples by Electric Arc Remelting for the Determination of Chemical Composition
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This sampling practice is useful for converting chips, turnings, and wires taken from ingots or other solid materials into a homogeneous solid sample suitable for direct excitation on an optical emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The resultant button may itself be chipped to provide samples for plasma emission, atomic absorption, and wet chemical analysis.
This practice has been used extensively for the preparation of zirconium, zirconium alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy materials, and is applicable to other reactive, refractory, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, columbium (niobium), nickel, nickel alloys, stainless steels, tantalum, tool steels, and tungsten.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solid samples of reactive and refractory metals and alloys by electric arc remelting. The samples for melting may be in the form of chips, turnings, wires, and sponge. Powdered metals need to be compacted before melting.
1.1.1 This practice is also suitable for preparation of solid samples of other metals, such as steels, stainless steels, tool steels, nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, and cobalt alloys by electric arc remelting.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.
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Designation: E1306 − 11
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples for Chemical
1
Analysis by Electric Arc Remelting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solid samples of
5.1 This sampling practice is useful for converting chips,
reactive and refractory metals and alloys by electric arc
turnings, and wires taken from ingots or other solid materials
remelting. The samples for melting may be in the form of
into a homogeneous solid sample suitable for direct excitation
chips, turnings, wires, and sponge. Powdered metals need to be
on an atomic emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.The
compacted before melting.
resultant button may itself be chipped to provide specimens for
1.1.1 This practice is also suitable for preparation of solid
test methods requiring solutions or chips.
samples of other metals, such as steels, stainless steels, tool
5.2 This practice has been used extensively for the prepa-
steels,nickel,nickelalloys,cobalt,andcobaltalloysbyelectric
ration of zirconium, zirconium alloy, titanium, and titanium
arc remelting.
alloy materials, and is applicable to other reactive, refractory,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ferrous and nonferrous alloys, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
niobium, nickel, nickel alloys, stainless steels, tantalum, tool
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
steels, and tungsten.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
6. Interferences
statements are given in Section 9.
6.1 Test samples of known composition shall be used to
determine if there is any selective volatilization or segregation
2. Referenced Documents
of the impurity elements. Elements known to volatilize are
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bismuth, cadmium, chlorine, lead, magnesium, sodium,
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
tellurium, thallium, uranium, and zinc. Other elements that
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
may change in content are the interstitial gases, oxygen,
nitrogen, and hydrogen, plus carbon, which may be added due
3. Terminology
to the graphite anode. A tungsten anode may be substituted if
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
carbon pickup is a concern.Tungsten contamination may occur
practice, refer to Terminology E135.
if this electrode is used. Copper contamination also may be
introduced from the melting crucible.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Metal chips, turnings, or wires are melted into a button
7. Apparatus
1 1
approximately 1 ⁄4 in. in diameter and approximately ⁄4-in.
7.1 ElectricArcRemeltFurnace—Thissectiondescribesthe
thick using an electric arc furnace.The action of the arc creates
various components of an electric arc remelt furnace. Refer to
agitation and mixing of the molten metal which produces a
Fig. 1 to see how each component is arranged. The number
homogeneous sample.
assigned to each component in the following description
corresponds to the number in the schematic.
1
7.1.1 Water-Cooled Upper Housing (1), approximately 6-in.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
1
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
diameter and 6 ⁄4 in. high, and having a smooth, flat sealing
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
surface.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
7.1.2 Rubber Boot (2), shall cover the anode manipulator
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1306 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/E1306-11.
assembly to prevent electrical shock.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1.3 The top of the housing shall be fabricated from an
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
electricalandthermalinsulatingmaterial,suchasBakelite,and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall support the following items:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1306 − 11
1 1
8.2 Anode, graphite, ⁄2-in. diameter and 2 ⁄2 in. long with a
tapered tip.
9. Hazards
9.1 Wear safety glasses with side shields, or full face shield.
9.2 Wear
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1306–07 Designation:E1306–11
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples by Electric Arc
Remelting for the Determination of Chemical
CompositionPreparation of Metal and Alloy Samples for
1
Chemical Analysis by Electric Arc Remelting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solid samples of reactive and refractory metals and alloys by electric arc remelting.
The samples for melting may be in the form of chips, turnings, wires, and sponge. Powdered metals need to be compacted before
melting.
1.1.1 This practice is also suitable for preparation of solid samples of other metals, such as steels, stainless steels, tool steels,
nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, and cobalt alloys by electric arc remelting.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E135.
4. Summary of Practice
1 1
4.1 Metal chips, turnings, or wires are melted into a button approximately 1 ⁄4 in. in diameter and approximately ⁄4-in. thick
usinganelectricarcfurnace.Theactionofthearccreatesagitationandmixingofthemoltenmetalwhichproducesahomogeneous
sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This sampling practice is useful for converting chips, turnings, and wires taken from ingots or other solid materials into a
homogeneous solid sample suitable for direct excitation on an opticalatomic emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The
resultant button may itself be chipped to provide samplesspecimens for plasma emission, atomic absorption, and wet chemical
analysis. test methods requiring solutions or chips.
5.2 This practice has been used extensively for the preparation of zirconium, zirconium alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy
materials, and is applicable to other reactive, refractory, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, columbium
(niobium),niobium, nickel, nickel alloys, stainless steels, tantalum, tool steels, and tungsten.
6. Interferences
6.1 Test samples of known composition shall be used to determine if there is any selective volatilization or segregation of the
impurity elements. Elements known to volatilize are bismuth, cadmium, chlorine, lead, magnesium, sodium, tellurium, thallium,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1306–94(2004). DOI:
10.1520/E1306-07.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1306 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/E1306-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1306–11
uranium, and zinc. Other elements that may change in content are the interstitial gases, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, plus
carbon, which may be added due to the graphite anode. A tungsten anode may be substituted if carbon pickup is a concern.
Tungsten contamination may occur if this electrode is used. Copper contamination also may be introduced from the melting
crucible.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Electric Arc Remelt Furnace—An apparatus suitable for this practice is shown schematically in —This section describes
the various components of an
...
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