ASTM E8/E8M-11

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design under certain circumstances.
The results of tension tests of specimens machined to standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility properties of the entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.
These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E8/E8M-09 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM E8/E8M-13 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B22/B22M-17 - Standard Specification for Bronze Castings for Bridges and Turntables
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B272-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Copper Flat Products with Finished (Rolled or Drawn) Edges (Flat Wire and Strip)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F1282-23a - Standard Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B475-07(2018) - Standard Specification for UNS N08020, UNS N08024, and UNS N08026 Nickel Alloy Round Weaving Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B75/B75M-20 - Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E328-21 - Standard Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C1187-20a - Standard Guide for Establishing Surveillance Test Program for Boron-based Neutron Absorbing Material Systems for Use in Nuclear Fuel Storage Racks in Pool Environment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A231/A231M-18 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A229/A229M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM G111-21a - Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B1015-20 - Standard Practice for Form and Style of Standards Relating to Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B176-18 - Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Die Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E8/E8M − 11 AmericanAssociation State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the A356/A356MSpecificationforSteelCastings,Carbon,Low
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Tur-
elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area. bines
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 Thegagelengthsformostroundspecimensarerequired
of Steel Products
to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most
B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials
B557MTest Methods forTensionTestingWrought and Cast
are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
and density.
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
needtobemadeinindividualspecificationsortestmethodsfor
Determine Conformance with Specifications
a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
someter Systems
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C E345Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
[50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must
Force Application
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
E1856GuideforEvaluatingComputerizedDataAcquisition
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Machines
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
appearing in Terminology E6 shall be considered as applying
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
2
Uniaxial Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2009 as E8/E8M–09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0008_E0008M-11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 11
to the terms used in these test methods of tension testing. 5.2 Gripping Devices:
Additional terms being defined are as follows:
5.2.1 General—Various types of gripping devices may be
3.1.2 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation
used to transmit the measured force applied by the testing
or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic
machine to the test specimens. To ensure axial tensile stress
deformation, due to localized yielding. (The stress-strain curve
within the gage length, the axis of the test specimen should
need not appear to be discontinuous.)
coi
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:E8/E8M–09 Designation: E8/E8M – 11 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthetensiontestingofmetallicmaterialsinanyformatroomtemperature,specifically,themethods
of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most
significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are
exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and
density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a
particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not
exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimenAlignmentUnderTensileandCompressiveAxialForceApplication
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—ThedefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotensiontestingappearinginTerminologyE6shallbeconsideredasapplying
to the terms used in these test methods of tension testing. Additional terms being defined are as follows:
3.1.1 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic deformation,
due to localized yielding. (The stress-strain curve need not appear to be discontinuous.)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009.2011. Published December 2009.February 2012. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 20082009 as
E8/E8M – 089. DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-0911.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

----------------
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:E8/E8M–09 Designation: E8/E8M – 11 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthetensiontestingofmetallicmaterialsinanyformatroomtemperature,specifically,themethods
of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most
significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are
exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and
density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a
particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not
exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimenAlignmentUnderTensileandCompressiveAxialForceApplication
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:—
3.1.1TheThe definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E6 shall be considered as applying to the
terms used in these test methods of tension testing. Additional terms being defined are as follows:
3.1.23.1.1 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009.2011. Published December 2009.February 2012. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 20082009 as
E8/E8M – 089. DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-0911.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M – 11
deformation, due to l
...