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ASTM E1374-18e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards

Standard Guide for Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for the use of architects, engineers, office managers, and others interested in designing, specifying, or operating office environments.  
4.2 It is not intended to be applied to other environments, for example, open plan schools.  
4.3 While this guide attempts to clarify the many interacting variables that influence acoustical performance, it is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. Competent technical advice should be sought for success in the design of offices, including comparisons of test results carried out according to ASTM standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide discusses the principles and interactions that affect the acoustical performance of open and closed offices. It describes the application and use of the relevant series of ASTM standards.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2017
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.02 - Speech Privacy
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1374-18 - Standard Guide for Open Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM E336-19a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM E1110-06(2019) - Standard Classification for Determination of Articulation Class
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM E1179-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Sound Sources Used for Testing Open Office Components and Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM E336-19 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM E2964-14 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM E1007-14 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
Effective Date
01-Sep-2014
Refers
ASTM E336-15 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM E336-16 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Refers
ASTM E336-16a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Oct-2016
Refers
ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Refers
ASTM E336-17a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
15-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM E336-17 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM E2638-10(2017) - Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of the Speech Privacy Provided by a Closed Room
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM E1007-16 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2016
Referred By
ASTM E1111/E1111M-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenuation of Open Office Components
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Referred By
ASTM E1573-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018

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ASTM E1374-18e1 - Standard Guide for Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM StandardsASTM E1374-18e1 - Standard Guide for Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards
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ASTM E1374-18e1 - Standard Guide for Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: E1374 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Office Acoustics and Applicable ASTM Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1374; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Title editorially corrected in February 2018.
INTRODUCTION
Office environments include open and closed spaces with varying acoustical performance
requirements depending on space function and occupant needs. Sound control tools and methods are
identified which combine to provide appropriate amounts of speech privacy, freedom from distraction
and acoustic comfort whether in focus, private, collaborative or other office areas.
1. Scope E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and
1.1 This guide discusses the principles and interactions that
Elements
affect the acoustical performance of open and closed offices. It
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
describes the application and use of the relevant series of
Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
ASTM standards.
E795 Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During Sound
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Absorption Tests
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-
and are not considered standard.
Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the E1110 Classification for Determination ofArticulation Class
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1111 Test Method for Measuring the InterzoneAttenuation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of Open Office Components
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E1130 Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
E1179 Specification for Sound Sources Used for Testing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Open Office Components and Systems
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E1573 Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. MaskingSoundLevelsUsingA-WeightedandOne-Third-
Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels
2. Referenced Documents
E2638 Test Method for Objective Measurement of the
2
Speech Privacy Provided by a Closed Room
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2964 Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized
C423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-
Insertion Loss of Doors
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
3. Summary of Guide
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Building and
3.1 Acoustical Performance—Acoustics in open and closed
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.02on
office spaces must be considered during the design stage in
Speech Privacy.
order to provide occupants with an appropriate degree of
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
speech intelligibility and speech privacy while minimizing
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1374 – 06 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/E1374-18E01.
noise distraction as appropriate for the space usage. Speech
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
privacy and distraction are controlled by the ratio of intruding
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
voice level to background sound. In the open plan, a degree of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. speech privacy, noise control and comfort can be achieved if
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E1374 − 18
componentselectionandinteractionareunderstood.Asuccess- 5.1.3 The strengthened spread of sound due to reflections
ful open
...

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ASTM C423-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method

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5.1 Measurement of the sound absorption of a room is part of the procedure for other acoustical measurements, such as determining the sound power level of a noise source or the sound transmission loss of a partition. It is also used in certain calculations such as predicting the sound pressure level in a room when the sound power level of a noise source in the room is known.  
5.2 The sound absorption coefficient of a surface is a property of the material composing the surface. It is ideally defined as the fraction of the randomly incident sound power absorbed by the surface, but in this test method it is operationally defined in 4.2. The relationship between the theoretically defined and the operationally measured coefficients is under continuing study.  
5.3 Diffraction effects4 usually cause the apparent area of a specimen to be greater than its geometrical area, thereby increasing the coefficients measured according to this test method. When the test specimen is highly absorptive, these values may exceed unity.  
5.4 The coefficients measured by this test method should be used with caution because not only are the areas encountered in practical usage usually larger than the test specimen, but also the sound field is rarely diffuse. In the laboratory, measurements must be made under reproducible conditions, but in practical usage the conditions that determine the effective absorption are often unpredictable. Regardless of the differences and the necessity for judgment, coefficients measured by this test method have been used successfully by architects and consultants in the acoustical design of architectural spaces.  
5.5 Field Measurements—When sound absorption measurements are made in a building in which the size and shape of the room are not under the operator's control, the approximation to a diffuse sound field is not likely to be very close. This matter should be considered when assessing the accuracy of measurements made under field conditions. (See Te...
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1.2 Field Measurements—Although this test method covers laboratory measurements, the test method described in 4.1 can be used for making field measurements of the absorption of rooms (see also 5.5). A method to measure the absorption of rooms in the field is described in Test Method E2235.  
1.3 This test method includes information on laboratory accreditation (see Annex A1), asymmetrical screens (see Annex A2), and reverberation room qualification (see Annex A3).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The main part of this standard uses procedures originally developed for laboratory measurements of the sound transmission loss of partitions. These procedures assume that the rooms in which the measurements are performed have a sound field that reasonably approximates a diffuse field. Sound pressure levels in such rooms are reasonably uniform throughout the room and average levels vary inversely with the logarithm of the room sound absorption. Not all rooms will satisfy these conditions. Experience and controlled studies (1)6 have shown that the test method is applicable to smaller spaces normally used for work or living, such as rooms in multi-family dwellings, hotel guest rooms, meeting rooms, and offices with volumes less than 150 m3. The measures appropriate for such spaces are NR, NNR, and ATL. The corresponding single number ratings are NIC, NNIC and ASTC. The ATL and ASTC are measurable between larger spaces that meet a limitation on absorption in the spaces to provide uniform sound distribution.  
5.2 Annex A1 was developed for use in spaces that are very large (volume of 150 m3 or greater). Sound pressure levels during testing vary markedly across large rooms so that the degree of isolation varies strongly with distance from the common (separating) partition. This procedure evaluates the isolation observed near the partition. The appropriate measure is NR, and the appropriate single number rating is NIC.  
5.3 Several metrics are available for specific uses. Some evaluate the overall sound isolation between spaces including the effect of absorption in the receiving space and some evaluate the performance or apparent performance of the partition being evaluated. The results obtained are applicable only to the specific location tested.  
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1.1 The sound isolation between two spaces in a building is influenced most strongly by a combination of the direct transmission through the nominally separating building element (as normally measured in a laboratory) and any transmission along a number of indirect paths, referred to as flanking paths. Fig. 1 illustrates the direct paths (D) and some possible structural flanking paths (F). Additional non-structural flanking paths include transmission through common air ducts between rooms, or doors to the corridor from adjacent rooms. Sound isolation is also influenced by the size of the separating partition between spaces and absorption in the receiving space, and in the case of small spaces by modal behavior of the space and close proximity to surfaces.
FIG. 1 Direct (D) and Some Indirect or Flanking Paths (F and Dotted) in a Building  
1.2 The main part of this test method defines procedures and metrics to assess the sound isolation between two rooms or portions thereof in a building separated by a common partition or the apparent sound insulation of the separating partition, including both direct and flanking transmission paths in all cases. Appropriate measures and their single number ratings are the noise reduction (NR) and noise isolation class (NIC) which indicate the isolation with the receiving room furnished as it is during the test, the normalized noise reduction (NNR) and normalized noise isolation class (NNIC) which indicate the isolation expected if the receiving room was a normally furnished living or office space that is at least 25 m3 (especially useful when the test must be done with the receiving room unfurnished), and the apparent transmission loss (ATL) and apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) which indicate the apparent sound insulating properties of a separating partition including both the direct transmission and flanking transmission through the support structure. The measurement of ATL ...

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ASTM E1574-98(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sound absorption of a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the way in which the material is mounted over the surface. The mountings specified in these practices are intended to simulate in the laboratory conditions that exist in normal use.  
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5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
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1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
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3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
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1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
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1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
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1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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