ASTM E671-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus
Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures.
1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are: beakers Imhoff cones bottles, aspirator impingers bottles, dropping jars, battery bottles, gas washing jars, bell bottles, infusion jars, chromatography bottles, milk test jars, cylindrical bottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taper bottles, weighing manometers bulbs, absorption percolators bulbs, leveling pycnometers bulbs, sampling stopcocks burets tubes, centrifuge condensers tubes, chromatography crystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity) culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition) custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adapter cylinders, graduated and plain tubes, digestion desiccators tubes, drying extraction tubes tubes, fermentation flasks tubes, thistle (spray traps) fritted ware vapor traps funnels viscometers generators, Kipp watch glasses grinder, tissue
1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress.
1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.
1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 671 – 98
Standard Specification for
Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed
Glass Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 671; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences
within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded
1.1 This specification establishes a limit for thermal residual
and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.
stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as
determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement proce-
2. Referenced Document
dures.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items
E 1157 Specification for Sampling and Testing of Reusable
covered by this specification, but not limited to, are:
Laboratory Glassware
beakers Imhoff cones
E 1273 Specification for Color Coding of Reusable Labo-
bottles, aspirator impingers
bottles, dropping jars, battery
ratory Pipets
bottles, gas washing jars, bell
F 218 Method for Analyzing Stress in Glass
bottles, infusion jars, chromatography
bottles, milk test jars, cylindrical
3. Stress Limit
bottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taper
bottles, weighing manometers
3.1 The stress as measured by the procedure in Section 4
bulbs, absorption percolators
and calculated by Eq 2 shall not exceed 5.2 MPa (750 psi),
bulbs, leveling pycnometers
bulbs, sampling stopcocks
except for combustion, centrifuge, and chromatography tubes,
burets tubes, centrifuge
for which a limit of 4.5 MPa (650 psi) applies. Ware exceeding
condensers tubes, chromatography
these limits shall be rejected or reannealed to meet the
crystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity)
culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition)
specification.
custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adapter
cylinders, graduated tubes, digestion
4. Measurement Procedure
and plain tubes, drying
desiccators tubes, fermentation
4.1 Using a Friedel (Senarmont) polarimeter as described in
extraction tubes tubes, thistle (spray traps)
Method F 218, place the glass article to be measured in the
flasks vapor traps
viewing field in air. Examine every part of the article with a
fritted ware viscometers
funnels watch glasses
definable light path (glass dimension) by rotating the analyzer
generators, Kipp
to compensate for local stress birefringence. Document those
grinder, tissue
zones showing the higher values for the retardation or thick-
1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measure-
ness ratios by recording analyzer angle, glass thickness (light
ments are proportional to the difference of the principal
path), and position in ware.
stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover
4.2 In some orientations, such as sighting perpendicular to
a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger
the axis of a thin-walled cylinder, two glass paths must be
than the apparent stress.
included in the measurement. If by rotating the cylinder, the
1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware
retardation appears to be relatively constant, the measurement
that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has
is straightforward and the two walls define the light path. If the
been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with
retardation is variable, the scheme shown in Fig. 1 is recom-
glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specifi-
mended. If an adjacent region is found with low or constant
cation is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in
retardation, or both, measure this retardation at normal inci-
annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.
dence. Then use the recommended (slant) path shown which
includes one wall of the adjacent region and one wall of the
region in question. The retardation that applies
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.