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ASTM C361M-08

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C 361. It is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2008
ICS
23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.04 - Low Head Pressure Pipe
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C361M-05 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
Effective Date
15-Nov-2008
Replaced By
ASTM C361M-12 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1619-20 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
Effective Date
15-Nov-2008

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REDLINE ASTM C361M-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)REDLINE ASTM C361M-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
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REDLINE ASTM C361M-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)REDLINE ASTM C361M-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
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REDLINE ASTM C361M-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C361M −08
StandardSpecification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope A675/A675MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
A1008/A1008MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,
tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines
Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution
375 kPa.
Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification
A1011/A1011MSpecification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
C361. It is compatible in technical content.
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not
coveredbythisspecificationforthemanufactureofthepipebutshouldbe Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
included in specifications for pipe laying.
C31/C31MPractice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field
2. Referenced Documents
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: C39/C39MTest Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
A27/A27MSpecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
drical Concrete Specimens
General Application C150Specification for Portland Cement
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
C260Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
A82/A82MSpecification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete crete
Reinforcement
C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire pounds for Curing Concrete
Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete
C497MTest Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
A283/A283MSpecification for Low and Intermediate Ten-
or Tile [Metric]
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
A496/A496MSpecification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Concrete Reinforcement Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete Products
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant
C1619Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
Quality, M-Grades crete Structures
A576Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
Special Quality istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
A615/A615MSpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
kN-m/m ))
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ConcretePipeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.04onLowHead
2.2 Other Standard:
Pressure Pipe.
ACI Code 318Standard Building Code Requirements for
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
3
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C361M–05. DOI:
Reinforced Concrete
10.1520/C0361M-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI),P.O.Box9094,Farmington
the ASTM website. Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361M−08
4
AISI-C1012 6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, or
6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash or
3. Terminology
pozzolan, wherein the proportion of fly ash or pozzolan is
between 5 and 20% by weight of total cementitious material
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
pipe, see Terminology C822. (portland cement plus fly ash or pozzolan).
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
4. Classification
C33, except that the requirements for grading are waived.
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this spe
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C361M–05 Designation: C 361M – 08
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
1
[Metric](Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low
internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent SI companion to Specification C361 andC361. It is compatible in technical
content.
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included
in specifications for pipe laying.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire,Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire Reinforcement, Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement
A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement
A570/A570M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled Specification for SteelWeldedWire Reinforcement,
Deformed, for Concrete
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality A611Specification for Structural Steel, Sheet,
3
Carbon, Cold-Rolled
A615 615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality; Mechanical Properties Specification for
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)[Metric]
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low Head Pressure
Pipe.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C361M–03a .
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C361M–05.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361M–08
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 TerminologyRelatingtoConcretePipeandRelatedProductsD395TestMethodsforRubberProperty—CompressionSet
D412Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D573Test Method for Rubber–Deterioration in an Air Oven
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLabora
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C361M–05 Designation: C 361M – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low
internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent SI companion to Specification C361 andC361. It is compatible in technical
content.
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included
in specifications for pipe laying.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire,Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed,
for Concrete Reinforcement
A497/A 497MSpecification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement
A570/A570M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled 497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire
Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality A611Specification for Structural Steel, Sheet,
3
Carbon, Cold-Rolled
A615615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality; Mechanical Properties Specification for
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric) [Metric]
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low Head Pressure
Pipe.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C361M–03a .
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C361M–05.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361M–08
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 TerminologyRelatingtoConcretePipeandRelatedProductsD395TestMethodsforRubberProperty—CompressionSet
D412Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D573Test Method for Rubber–Deterioration in an Air Oven
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining
...

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Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths and intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts. Strength test and load test shall be made in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths and intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C985.  
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the pipe strength specified and provide inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1840/C1840M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inspection and Acceptance of Installed Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Storm Sewer Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The inspection of installed reinforced concrete pipe verifies proper installation of the product and establishes thresholds for comparison further evaluation.  
4.2 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner in preparing project specifications and to identify, evaluate and interpret observations during post installation inspections of pipe.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for inspection and acceptance of installed reinforced concrete pipe by either person-entry, or remote inspection as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 1 Person Entry Inspection  
FIG. 2 Remote Inspection Camera  
1.2 The scope of this specification is intended for installation related observations and assumes that pre-installation inspection has been completed.  
1.3 The reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain and storm sewer pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with Specification C76, C506, C507, C655, C1417, or C1846/C1846M and accepted in accordance with AASHTO R 73. This specification shall only be used for gravity, non-pressure storm drainage applications.  
1.4 Person Entry shall be used unless extenuating circumstances preclude this type inspection. Remote inspection is acceptable for use for pipe diameters of 30 in. [750 mm] and smaller unless otherwise specified by owner or engineer.  
1.5 Access of installed pipe for manual inspection shall follow OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926 SUBPART AA regulations for confined space entry. However, this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This practice does not cover deformation or deflection assessment. Concrete pipe is classified as a rigid structure because they do not bend or deflect appreciably under load before cracking. Due to these facts shape evaluation are of little or no value when evaluating concrete pipe.  
1.7 The values stated in either Imperial/US or [SI units] are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C985-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths and intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts. Strength test and load test shall be made in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths and intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 A complete companion to Specification C985 has been developed, C985M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the pipe strength specified and provide inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C361-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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