C13.04 - Low Head Pressure Pipe

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design of buried precast concrete low head pressure pipe having a circular shape and manufactured in accordance with Specification C361/C361M subject to internal pressure not exceeding a pressure head of 125 ft (54 psi), or as otherwise limited herein.  
1.2 When buried, concrete pipe is part of a composite system comprised of the pipe and the surrounding soil envelope. Both the pipe and soil envelope contribute to the strength and structural behavior of the system.  
1.3 This practice presents the method for evaluating the effects of external loads combined with internal pressure on buried precast concrete low-head pressure pipe manufactured per Specification C361/C361M. This method includes an analysis that accounts for the interaction between the pipe and soil envelope in determining external loads, earth pressure distributions, and the moments, thrusts, and shears for the pipe. It also includes a detailed procedure for designing reinforcement for these installations.  
1.4 Construction requirements for precast concrete low-head pressure pipe are in accordance with Specification C361/C361M.  
1.5 This practice may be used as a reference by the owner and the owner's engineer in preparing project specifications for low head pressure pipe.  
1.6 The design procedures given in this standard are intended for use by engineers who are familiar with the installation and pipe characteristics that affect the structural behavior of buried concrete pipe installations and the significance of the installation requirements.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C361. It is compatible in technical content.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design of buried precast concrete low head pressure pipe having a circular shape and manufactured in accordance with Specification C361/C361M subject to internal pressure not exceeding a pressure head of 125 ft (54 psi), or as otherwise limited herein.  
1.2 When buried, concrete pipe is part of a composite system comprised of the pipe and the surrounding soil envelope. Both the pipe and soil envelope contribute to the strength and structural behavior of the system.  
1.3 This practice presents the method for evaluating the effects of external loads combined with internal pressure on buried precast concrete low-head pressure pipe manufactured per Specification C361/C361M. This method includes an analysis that accounts for the interaction between the pipe and soil envelope in determining external loads, earth pressure distributions, and the moments, thrusts, and shears for the pipe. It also includes a detailed procedure for designing reinforcement for these installations.  
1.4 Construction requirements for precast concrete low-head pressure pipe are in accordance with Specification C361/C361M.  
1.5 This practice may be used as a reference by the owner and the owner's engineer in preparing project specifications for low head pressure pipe.  
1.6 The design procedures given in this standard are intended for use by engineers who are familiar with the installation and pipe characteristics that affect the structural behavior of buried concrete pipe installations and the significance of the installation requirements.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C361. It is compatible in technical content.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C361. It is compatible in technical content.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C361. It is compatible in technical content.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C361. It is compatible in technical content.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads. The materials used include: reinforced concrete, Portland cement, blended cement, fly ash or pozzolan, aggregates, admixtures, steel reinforcement, steel for joint rings, steel castings for fittings, steel plates and sheets for specials and fittings, rubber gaskets, and gasket lubricants. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. Joint assemblies shall be so formed and accurately manufactured that when the pipes are drawn together the pipe shall form a continuous watertight conduit with a smooth and uniform interior surface and shall provide for slight movements of any pipe unit in the pipeline due to expansion, contraction, settlement, or lateral displacement. The joint shall be so designed that the gaskets will not be required to support the weight of the pipe, but will keep the joint tight under all normal conditions of service. The following procedures shall be followed in manufacturing of the reinforced concrete pipes: concrete mixing, concrete placement, steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing. Compression test shall be done on concrete to determine its compressive strength. For the pipes and rubber gasket joints, hydrostatic tests shall be performed. The rubber gasket shall be subjected to different test methods to determine the following physical properties: tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression, accelerated aging, water absorption, and ozone resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C 361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C 361. It is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads. The materials used include: reinforced concrete, Portland cement, blended cement, fly ash or pozzolan, aggregates, admixtures, steel reinforcement, steel for joint rings, steel castings for fittings, steel plates and sheets for specials and fittings, rubber gaskets, and gasket lubricants. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. Joint assemblies shall be so formed and accurately manufactured that when the pipes are drawn together the pipe shall form a continuous watertight conduit with a smooth and uniform interior surface and shall provide for slight movements of any pipe unit in the pipeline due to expansion, contraction, settlement, or lateral displacement. The joint shall be so designed that the gaskets will not be required to support the weight of the pipe, but will keep the joint tight under all normal conditions of service. The following procedures shall be followed in manufacturing of the reinforced concrete pipes: concrete mixing, concrete placement, steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing. Compression test shall be done on concrete to determine its compressive strength. For the pipes and rubber gasket joints, hydrostatic tests shall be performed. The rubber gasket shall be subjected to different test methods to determine the following physical properties: tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression, accelerated aging, water absorption, and ozone resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C 361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1*#8212;Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C 361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1*#8212;Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent to Specification C 361 and is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent to Specification C 361 and is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent to Specification C 361 and is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent to Specification C 361 and is compatible in technical content.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C 361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C361 has been developed-C361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
Note 1-Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 375 kPa.  
1.2 This metric specification is the equivalent to Specification C361 and is compatible in technical content.  
Note 1-Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.