ASTM D1640/D1640M-14(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so low temperature curing agents, catalysts and/or accelerators are often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled conditions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field are also described.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D1640/D1640M − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO9117–4 Paintsandvarnishes—Determinationofdrying
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
— Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder
various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or
curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled condi-
3. Significance and Use
tions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or
humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing 3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various
conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of
are also described. organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the
impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low tem-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
perature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
lowtemperaturecuringagents,catalystsand/oracceleratorsare
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these compo-
with the standard.
nents and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity condi-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Test MethodsA, B and C are limited to a comparison of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle
2. Referenced Documents
into the substrate material.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Substrate, Coating Application Method and Film
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
Thicknesses
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
4.1 Obtain agreement between the contracting parties as to
Notch Gages the substrate, wet film thickness (WFT), and application
method for testing the specific coating involved.The product is
1 tested as manufactured (without reducer, unless otherwise
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
agreed upon by contracting parties). Unless otherwise agreed,
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
the thickness of the cast film shall conform to the coating
Films.
manufacturer’s product data sheet. If the wet film thickness is
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
not stated on the manufacturer’s product data sheet, it can be
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1640 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1640/D1640M − 14 D1640/D1640M − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of
organic coatings under laboratory controlled conditions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or humidity.
Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field are also described.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gages
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9117–4 Paints and varnishes — Determination of drying — Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic
coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for assessing
drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so low temperature
curing agents, catalysts and/or accelerators are often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler temperatures. Method
B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the
drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/humidity conditions, while others may be
adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature and relative
humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film
formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates and
do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2018. Published February 2015September 2018. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as D1640 – 03 (2009).D1640 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14.10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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