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ASTM D5797-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the methanol fuel blend, M70-M85, for use in ground vehicles that run on automotive spark-ignition engines. Fuels are grouped into three vapor pressure classes (Classes 1, 2, and 3) on the basis of seasonal and geographical volatility. The fuel blends shall undergo chemical analysis for methanol, higher alcohols, hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, acidity as acetic acid, solvent washed and unwashed gum content, total chlorine as chloride, lead, phosphorus, water, sulfur, and inorganic chloride. The product's appearance shall be clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and Appendix X2 of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2015
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5797-13 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D5797-16 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7920-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Methanol (M99) and Methanol Fuel Blends (M10 to M99) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015

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ASTM D5797-15 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5797-15 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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REDLINE ASTM D5797-15 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesREDLINE ASTM D5797-15 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5797 −15
StandardSpecification for
Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D872Test Method for Test for Sulfonation Index of Road
4
Tars (Withdrawn 1991)
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition
Method)
engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-
D1613Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
erties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
and Related Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
only.
D3120Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and
lometry
Appendix X2 of this specification.This standard does not D3231Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard Petroleum Products
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to Products, and Lubricants
use.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
2. Referenced Documents
D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
2,3
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4307Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Analytical Standards
Atmospheric Pressure
D4626Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Response Factors
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
D381Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
Fuel
ration
D4815Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D512Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
D525Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
duction Period Method)
D4929Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride
Content in Crude Oil
D4953Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.
D5059Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
troscopy
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5797–13. DOI:
D5190Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
10.1520/D5797-15.
4
2
Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwise ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
specified.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5797−15
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
D5191Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
A
ucts (Mini Method) Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
D5453Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Methanol + higher alcohols, min, 84 80 70
volume%
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 14–16 14–20 14–30
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluor
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5797 − 13 D5797 − 15
Standard Specification for
Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for
use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and
Appendix X2 of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2,3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
4
D872 Test Method for Test for Sulfonation Index of Road Tars (Withdrawn 1991)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013Oct. 1, 2015. Published July 2013October 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D5797 – 07.D5797 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5797-13.10.1520/D5797-15.
2
Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwise specified.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5797 − 15
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
4
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleu
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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