ASTM D3256-86(2020)

• Abstract:

  SIGNIFICANCE AND USE; 3.1 These test methods are suitable for determining if impurities are present and establishing that the required pigments are present. These test methods may be used for manufacturing and purchasing quality control.; SCOPE; 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the qualitative chemical analysis of pigments known commercially as copper phthalocyanine blue and green. ; 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: ; Section ; Identification ; 5 ; Moisture and Other Volatile Matter ; 6 ; Detection of Basic Dye Derivatives ; 7 ; Detection of Other Organic Coloring Matter ; 8 ; Detection of Ultramarine Blue ; 9 ; Detection of Iron Blue or Chrome Green ; 10 ; 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. ; 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

• Replaces: ASTM D3256-86(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Phthalocyanine Blue and Green Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Refers: ASTM D280-01 - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D280-81(1995) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D1193-99e1 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-1999
• Refers: ASTM D1193-99 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-1999

Overview

ASTM D3256-86(2020), Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Phthalocyanine Blue and Green Pigments, establishes qualitative chemical analysis procedures for copper phthalocyanine pigments widely used in various industries. These standardized test methods are essential for identifying the presence of specific pigments and detecting impurities in blue and green phthalocyanine pigments, ensuring product quality and regulatory compliance. The standard is developed according to internationally recognized principles, supporting manufacturing processes and purchasing quality control.

Key Topics

ASTM D3256-86(2020) details analytical procedures in the following areas:

• Identification of Pigments
  The standard outlines steps to verify the presence of copper phthalocyanine blue and green pigments using chemical reactions and spectrophotometric characteristics.

• Moisture and Volatile Matter
  Methods are specified for determining moisture and volatile content, which affect pigment stability and usability.

• Detection of Impurities

  • Basic Dye Derivatives: Procedures for identifying contaminating basic dyes.
  • Other Organic Coloring Matter: Tests to detect unwanted organic colorants not part of the intended pigment composition.
  • Ultramarine Blue: Qualitative tests to reveal any ultramarine blue, which could indicate contamination.
  • Iron Blue/Chrome Green: Detection methods for these potentially interfering pigments.

• Use of SI Units
  All values in the standard are provided in SI units to ensure consistency in international applications.

• Safety and Compliance
  Users are reminded to implement appropriate safety, health, and environmental protocols and to verify compliance with applicable regulations.

Applications

The test methods described in ASTM D3256-86(2020) have practical value in a range of scenarios:

• Quality Control in Manufacturing
  Producers of paints, plastics, inks, and coatings use these procedures to confirm pigment identity and purity before releasing products to market.

• Purchasing and Supplier Verification
  Buyers and suppliers rely on standardized analysis to ensure materials meet specification requirements, minimizing disputes and guaranteeing product performance.

• Research and Development
  Laboratories engaged in pigment development or reformulation reference this standard to benchmark their analytical protocols.

• Compliance Documentation
  Regulatory submissions and certifications for products containing phthalocyanine blue and green pigments often require evidence of conformance to ASTM D3256-86.

Related Standards

For comprehensive pigment analysis and laboratory best practices, the following related ASTM standards and references are useful:

• ASTM D280 - Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• ASTM D1193 - Specification for Reagent Water
• ACS Reagent Chemicals - Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and Standard-Grade Reference Materials

Additional guidance can be sought from references such as the United States Pharmacopeia and Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, particularly regarding reagent quality.

Keywords: phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, pigment analysis, quality control, chemical analysis, impurity detection, ASTM D3256, copper phthalocyanine pigments, pigment identification, paint pigments, pigment testing, manufacturing standards

By utilizing ASTM D3256-86(2020), stakeholders ensure accurate chemical analysis of phthalocyanine pigments, foster consistency, and uphold quality standards across industries.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3256 − 86 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Phthalocyanine Blue and Green
Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the qualitative 3.1 These test methods are suitable for determining if
chemical analysis of pigments known commercially as copper impurities are present and establishing that the required pig-
phthalocyanine blue and green. ments are present. These test methods may be used for
manufacturing and purchasing quality control.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Section
4. Reagents
Identification 5
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Moisture and Other Volatile Matter 6
Detection of Basic Dye Derivatives 7
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Detection of Other Organic Coloring Matter 8
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Detection of Ultramarine Blue 9
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
Detection of Iron Blue or Chrome Green 10
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
standard.
accuracy of the determination.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to water shall be understood to mean Type II reagent grade
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
water conforming to Specification D1193.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Identification
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 To about 0.05 g of the sample in a 50-mLbeaker, add 30
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mL of sulfuric acid (H SO , sp gr 1.84). Stir occasionally for
2 4
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
15 min, heating if necessary to accelerate the solution of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pigment. Formation of a dark greenish yellow solution indi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cates phthalocyanine blue and a dark reddish color indicates
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
brominated green pigment. Pour the solution into 250 mL of
water and stir. The phthalocyanine pigment should immedi-
2. Referenced Documents
ately precipitate as a flocculent mass.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Filter off the precipitate, washing once or twice with
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
water. Scrape a small amount of the precipitate off the filter,
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
place on a clean platinum wire moistened with hydrochloric
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
acid (HCl), and subject it to the low flame of a bunsen burner.
As the precipitate burns, a light blue-green flame should be
clearly evident. This indicates organically combined copper.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct NOTE 1—Characteristic spectrophotometric absorption spectra in the
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3256 – 86 (2014). DOI: ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and
10.1520/D3256-86R20. Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by theAmerican Chemical
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharma-
the ASTM website. copeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD
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