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ASTM E1881-06

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS

Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The presence of cell growth medium complicates a direct analysis of cells with SIMS. Attempts to wash out the nutrient medium results in the exposure of cells to unphysiological reagents that may also alter their chemical composition. This obstacle is overcome by using a sandwich freeze-fracture method (1). This cryogenic method has provided a unique way of sampling individual cells in their native state for SIMS analysis.
The procedure described here has been successfully used for imaging Na+ and K+ ion transport (3), calcium alterations in stimulated cells (4,5), and localization of therapeutic drugs and isotopically labeled molecules in single cells (6). The frozen freeze-dried cells prepared according to this method have been checked for SIMS matrix effects (7). Ion image quantification has also been achieved in this sample type (8).
The procedure described here is amenable to a wide variety of cell cultures and provides a way for studying the response of individual cells for chemical alterations in the state of health and disease and localization of isotopically-labeled molecules and theraputic drugs in cell culture models.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a cryogenic method for analyzing individual tissue culture cells growing in vitro. This guide is suitable for frozen-hydrated and frozen-freeze-dried sample types. Included are procedures for correlating optical, laser scanning confocal and secondary electron microscopies to complement SIMS analysis.
1.2 This guide is not suitable for cell cultures that do not attach to the substrate.
1.3 This guide is not suitable for any plastic embedded cell culture specimens.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
07.100.10 - Medical microbiology
Technical Committee
E42 - Surface Analysis
Drafting Committee
E42.06 - SIMS
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1881-97(2002) - Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM E1881-06 - Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMSASTM E1881-06 - Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS
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ASTM E1881-06 - Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1881 − 06
StandardGuide for
1
Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope substrate, such as silicon. When cells reach about 80 %
confluency, they are fast frozen and fractured by using a
1.1 This guide provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrom-
4
sandwich method (1). This allows freeze-fixation of cellular
etry (SIMS) analyst with a cryogenic method for analyzing
contents and removal of the EF-leaflet of the apical plasma
individual tissue culture cells growing in vitro. This guide is
membrane. Since this kind of fracture occurs in groups of cells
suitable for frozen-hydrated and frozen-freeze-dried sample
growing together, fractured cells are easily recognized for
types. Included are procedures for correlating optical, laser
optical, SEM and SIMS imaging.
scanning confocal and secondary electron microscopies to
complement SIMS analysis. 4.2 By correlative laser scanning confocal microscopy and
SIMS, the same frozen freeze-dried cell can be analyzed for
1.2 This guide is not suitable for cell cultures that do not
organelle localization in relation to elemental content (2).
attach to the substrate.
1.3 This guide is not suitable for any plastic embedded cell
5. Significance and Use
culture specimens.
5.1 The presence of cell growth medium complicates a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
direct analysis of cells with SIMS. Attempts to wash out the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nutrient medium results in the exposure of cells to unphysi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ological reagents that may also alter their chemical composi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion. This obstacle is overcome by using a sandwich freeze-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fracture method (1). This cryogenic method has provided a
uniquewayofsamplingindividualcellsintheirnativestatefor
2. Referenced Documents
SIMS analysis.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 The procedure described here has been successfully
E673 Terminology Relating to SurfaceAnalysis (Withdrawn
+ +
used for imaging Na and K ion transport (3), calcium
3
2012)
alterations in stimulated cells (4,5), and localization of thera-
peutic drugs and isotopically labeled molecules in single cells
3. Terminology
(6). The frozen freeze-dried cells prepared according to this
3.1 Definitions:
method have been checked for SIMS matrix effects (7). Ion
3.1.1 SeeTerminology E673 for definitions of terms used in
imagequantificationhasalsobeenachievedinthissampletype
SIMS.
(8).
5.3 The procedure described here is amenable to a wide
4. Summary of Guide
variety of cell cultures and provides a way for studying the
4.1 This guide describes a cryogenic freeze-fracture method
response of individual cells for chemical alterations in the state
of sample preparation for cell culture specimens for SIMS
of health and disease and localization of isotopically-labeled
analysis. In brief, cell cultures are grown on a conducting
molecules and theraputic drugs in cell culture models.
6. Apparatus
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E42 on Surface
Analysis and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E42.06 on SIMS.
6.1 This guide can be used for the analysis of cell cultures
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
with virtually any SIMS instrument.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1881 – 97 (2002).
DOI: 10.1520/E1881-06.
6.2 A cold stage in the SIMS instrument is needed to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
analyze frozen-hydrated specimens (9).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
www.astm.org. this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1881 − 06
7. Procedure fracture removes the extracellular nutrient medium and the
EF-leaflet of the plasma membrane on the top silicon piece (1,
7.1 Cells are grown on silicon wafer pieces (approximately
2 10).Thefracturedcellsonthesiliconsubstratecanbeanalyzed
1cm area) of any sh
...

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Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of cell growth medium complicates a direct analysis of cells with SIMS. Attempts to wash out the nutrient medium results in the exposure of cells to unphysiological reagents that may also alter their chemical composition. This obstacle is overcome by using a sandwich freeze-fracture method (1). This cryogenic method has provided a unique way of sampling individual cells in their native state for SIMS analysis.  
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ASTM E3251-23(Test Method)
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4.1 Single-use systems (SUSs) used for biopharmaceutical manufacturing must maintain sterility and product quality of the fluid inside. Such articles or systems should therefore be validated as providing an effective barrier against microbial ingress. The microbial barrier properties of a SUS may be demonstrated using deterministic physical tests that have been correlated to microbial integrity. Such physical test methods are described in Test Method E3336. Two microbial test methods (aerosol exposure and immersion exposure) are described in this test method that can be used to demonstrate microbial integrity of a SUS or determine the MALL, the maximum defect size that does not allow microbial ingress, into a SUS.  
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1.1 The microbial test method outlined in this test method applies to microbial ingress risk assessment of a single-use system (SUS) or its individual components that require integrity testing either by the assembly supplier or the end user of the assembly based on a potential risk of a breach to the product or manufacturing process.  
1.2 The aim of microbial ingress testing of sterile SUSs used in biopharmaceutical manufacturing is two-fold:  
1.2.1 Firstly, it is used to evaluate the ability of a SUS fluid path to remain sterile after a SUS has been challenged by microbial exposure. Microbial exposure is achieved either by directly placing a SUS into a container of microbial challenge solution, or by delivering an aerosolized microbial challenge onto a SUS that is placed inside a test chamber designed to generate and deliver the aerosol. The choice of the test challenge organism should be justified based on a risk assessment of the SUS and conditions of use.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticulate Materials in Porcine Kidney Cells and Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assessing the propensity of a nanomaterial to cause cytotoxicity to the cells of a target organ can assist in preclinical development.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticulate Materials on the Formation of Mouse Granulocyte-Macrophage Colonies

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5.1 In-vitro osteoblast differentiation assays are one approach to screen progenitor stem cells for their capability to become osteoblasts. The extent of calcium deposits or mineralized matrix that form in vitro may be an indicator of differentiation to a functional osteoblast; however, expression of osteogenic genes or proteins is another important measurement to use in conjunction with this assay to determine the presence of an osteoblast.  
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5.1 This guide should be used by producers and potential producers of non-culture tests to determine the accuracy, selectivity, specificity, and precision of the tests, as defined in Practice E691. Results of such studies should identify the limitations and indicate the utility or applicability of the non-culture test, or both, for use on different types of samples. Guide E1488 recommends other statistical tools for evaluating the suitability and applicability of proposed new test methods.  
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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist users and producers of non-culture microbiological tests in determining the applicability of the test for processing different types of samples and evaluating the accuracy of the results. Culture test procedures such as the Heterotrophic (Standard) Plate Count, the Most Probable Number (MPN) method and the Spread Plate Count are widely cited and accepted for the enumeration of microorganisms. However, these methods have their limitations, such as performance time. Moreover, any given culture test method typically recovers only a portion of the total viable microbes present in a sample. It is these limitations that have recently led to the marketing of a variety of non-culture procedures, test kits and instruments.  
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Standard Guide for Cell Culture Analysis with SIMS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of cell growth medium complicates a direct analysis of cells with SIMS. Attempts to wash out the nutrient medium results in the exposure of cells to unphysiological reagents that may also alter their chemical composition. This obstacle is overcome by using a sandwich freeze-fracture method (1). This cryogenic method has provided a unique way of sampling individual cells in their native state for SIMS analysis.  
5.2 The procedure described here has been successfully used for imaging Na+ and K+ ion transport  (3), calcium alterations in stimulated cells (4,5), and localization of therapeutic drugs and isotopically labeled molecules in single cells (6). The frozen freeze-dried cells prepared according to this method have been checked for SIMS matrix effects  (7). Ion image quantification has also been achieved in this sample type (8).  
5.3 The procedure described here is amenable to a wide variety of cell cultures and provides a way for studying the response of individual cells for chemical alterations in the state of health and disease and localization of isotopically-labeled molecules and theraputic drugs in cell culture models.
SCOPE
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Direct Contact Cell Culture Evaluation of Materials for Medical Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for assessing cytotoxic potential both when evaluating new materials or formulations for possible use in medical applications, and as part of a quality control program for established medical materials and medical devices.  
4.2 This practice assumes that assessment of cytotoxicity potential provides one method for predicting the potential for cytotoxic or necrotic reactions to medical materials and devices during clinical applications to humans. In general, cell culture testing methods have shown good correlation with animal assays when only chemical toxicities are being considered.
Note 1: The results obtained using this method may not predict in vivo behavior which can be influenced by multiple factors such as those arising from site of application or physical properties that may result from design and fabrication.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a reference method of direct contact cell culture testing which may be used in evaluating the cytotoxic potential of materials for use in the construction of medical materials and devices.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique involves a chemical-precipitation reaction between cocaine and the precipitating reagent. The habit and the aggregation of the crystals formed could be used to distinguish cocaine from other drugs (6).  
5.2 This technique can be utilized on cocaine present in either the salt or free base form.  
5.3 This technique does not distinguish between the salt and free base forms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures applicable to the analysis of cocaine using multiple microcrystal tests (1-6).2  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Phencyclidine and Its Analogues

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique involves a chemical-precipitation reaction between the phencyclidine or its analogues and the precipitating reagent. The habit and the aggregation of the crystals formed could be used to distinguish phencyclidine or its analogues from other drugs.  
5.2 This technique can be utilized on phencyclidine or its analogues present in either the salt or free base form.  
5.3 This technique does not distinguish between salt and free base forms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures applicable to the analysis of phencyclidine and its analogues using microcrystal tests (1-8).2  
1.2 These procedures are applicable to phencyclidine and its analogues which are present in solid form or in a liquid form. They are not typically applicable to the analysis of phencyclidine and its analogues in biological samples.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 These procedures could generate observations indicating a positive test for phencyclidine and its analogues which could be incorporated into the analytical scheme as defined by the laboratory.  
1.5 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience (see Practice E2326) and is to be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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