ASTM F1633-97(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Lost persons are at risk of injury or death from extended periods of isolation, either mental, physical, or both. Their inability to solve immediate problems requires that search and rescue (SAR) personnel use the most efficient and effective techniques to resolve the lost person's situation and to minimize the risks of injury or death.
Searching for immobile or unresponsive subjects, including those deceased, places further limitations upon the search options that are available to search managers. Where appropriate, the guide identifies these limitations.
The use of the listed techniques improves the probability of locating a lost or missing person when applied to land search incidents. These techniques may be employed at the discretion of and under the direction and control of a land search manager.
Terms used in this guide are not intended to be comprehensive, nor are they presumed to be inclusive of all terminology used in the search function.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies and describes techniques that may be used by individuals or agencies when searching for persons, property, or evidence on land. The application of one or more of these techniques to any particular land search will depend upon the individual circumstances of the search and the judgment of the person responsible for conducting the search.
1.2 This guide assists individuals and agencies by providing a list of techniques for their consideration during a land search and by providing a brief description of the application of the technique to land search. Some advantages and disadvantages, as well as the most common uses of the techniques, are discussed in the guide. The guide does not, however, purport to discuss all aspects of conducting a land search.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide identified and described techniques that may be used by individuals or agencies when searching for persons, property, or evidence on land.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F32 on Search and Rescue, this guide was withdrawn in July 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1633 − 97 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
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Techniques in Land Search
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 confinement, n—the act of limiting the growth of the
potentialsearchareabyminimizingtheabilityofthesubject(s)
1.1 This guide identifies and describes techniques that may
leaving the search area undetected.
be used by individuals or agencies when searching for persons,
property, or evidence on land. The application of one or more
3.1.4 electronic search, n—technique(s) using electronic
of these techniques to any particular land search will depend
systems or devices to locate a subject(s) or evidence, or both.
upon the individual circumstances of the search and the
3.1.5 hasty search, v—to send a fast moving, well-trained
judgment of the person responsible for conducting the search.
crew(s) of searchers to quickly check selected high probability
1.2 This guide assists individuals and agencies by providing
area(s).
a list of techniques for their consideration during a land search
3.1.6 investigation, n—the systematic collection and analy-
and by providing a brief description of the application of the
sis of information about the lost or missing subject(s) by
technique to land search. Some advantages and disadvantages,
interviewing (interrogation) or reviewing records or evidence,
as well as the most common uses of the techniques, are
or both.
discussedintheguide.Theguidedoesnot,however,purportto
3.1.7 line search, v—tousesearchersinalinearpattern(s)at
discuss all aspects of conducting a land search.
specified intervals, to investigate a defined search segment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.8 probability of area (POA), n—the probability of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- subject or clue being in the area or segment being searched.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.9 probability of detection (POD), n—theprobabilitythat
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the subject or clue will be detected by the search action if the
subject or clue is in the search area.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.10 search dog, n—canine trained in techniques to locate
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2.1 ASTM Standard:
a subject(s) or evidence, or both.
F1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue
3.1.11 search dog crew(s), n—canine and their handler(s)
trained in search techniques to locate a subject(s) or evidence,
3. Terminology
or both.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.12 segment (search area), n—a geographic unit within
3.1.1 attraction, n—to get the attention of lost, missing, or
the search area established for the purpose of effective and
stranded subject(s) by sound or visual methods, or both, for
efficient assignment of search resources.
example, whistle, light, smoke.
3.1.13 segmentation, n—the process of partitioning the
3.1.2 clue awareness, n—to be aware of evidence left by a
search area into segments.
subject(s) which may help to ascertain their location or
direction of travel, or both.
3.1.14 segmentation, binary, n—to reduce the size of a
search area through subdivision into increasingly smaller
segments.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
3.1.15 tracking, v—to follow a subject(s) footprint(s),
RescueandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF32.02onManagementand
Operations. track(s), or sign through varying types of terrain.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1633 – 97(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/F1633-97R08.
3.2.1 breakage, n—a physical rupture of material or the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
surface of material, such as frequently seen when vegetation is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
crushed or bent by external forces such as the passage of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. subjects.
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F1633 − 97 (2008)
3.2.2 bruising, n—changes in the subsurface of vegetation 5. Significance and Use
which generally leaves the surface intact but noticeably differ-
5.1 Lost persons are at risk of injury o
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