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ASTM F2954-19

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Training for Intermediate Rope Rescuer Endorsement

Standard Guide for Training for Intermediate Rope Rescuer Endorsement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training intermediate level rope rescuers as it relates to their general, field, and rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an Intermediate Rope Rescuer.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an Intermediate Rope Rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is only the second level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2209 and F2752, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform Intermediate Rope Rescue. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an Intermediate Rope Rescuer shall also be adequately trained to function safely and effectively in the environment in which he or she is expected to work (that is, wilderness, urban, etc.).  
4.2 Intermediate Rope Rescue endorsement is not an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. Under qualified supervision an Intermediate Rope Rescuer is qualified to work in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle terrain.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Intermediate Rope Rescuer or by an AHJ. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an Intermediate Rope Rescuer or by an AHJ.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an Intermediate Rope Rescuer is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land rescue team members is the responsib...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide, in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guides F2751 and F2752 (or equivalents for other environments) defines the training required for a person who participates in rope rescue operations at an intermediate level of responsibility and complexity as part of larger rescue duty.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to assist, support, and direct rope rescue operations at an intermediate level, including patient packaging, litter rigging, ascending and descending fixed ropes in a high angle environment, constructing raising and lowering systems, and directing simple low angle rescue operations, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an Intermediate Rope Rescuer as related to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer may directly supervise low angle rope rescue operations.  
1.1.4 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer must work under the direct supervision of qualified rope rescue personnel during high angle or complex rope rescues.  
1.2 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer endorsement applies only to rescues on the surface of the land; additional endorsements are required to perform this level of rope rescue in other environments. This guide alone does not define the minimum training requirements for rescuing in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the intermediate roped evacuation and carryout component of rescue. These include but are not limited to patient packaging, construction of an anchor system, construction of simple, compound, and complex rope mechanical advantage systems, and construction and use of lowering (fixed-brake) rope systems....

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2019
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F1768-97(2020) - Standard Guide for Using Whistle Signals During Rope Rescue Operations
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F1773-09(2015) - Standard Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM F3222-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
Effective Date
01-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM F2047-00(2019) - Standard Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of Emergency Services Volunteers
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM F2752-19 - Standard Guide for Training for Basic Rope Rescuer Endorsement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2751-16 - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Member
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3193-16 - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2955-19 - Standard Guide for Training for Advanced Rope Rescuer Endorsement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F1993-16(2022) - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2954 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Training for Intermediate Rope Rescuer Endorsement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2954; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer may be a member of a
Rope Rescue Team or Rope Rescue Task Force or Group, as
1.1 This guide, in conjunction with, and as an add-on to,
defined in Guide F1993.
Guides F2751 and F2752 (or equivalents for other environ-
1.4.1 Further training may be required before an Intermedi-
ments) defines the training required for a person who partici-
ate Rope Rescuer may actually participate in a particular kind
pates in rope rescue operations at an intermediate level of
ofroperescueteam,dependingontheregulationsorpoliciesof
responsibility and complexity as part of larger rescue duty.
the AHJ.
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the knowledge, skills,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and abilities required for a person to assist, support, and direct
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rope rescue operations at an intermediate level, including
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
patient packaging, litter rigging, ascending and descending
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fixed ropes in a high angle environment, constructing raising
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and lowering systems, and directing simple low angle rescue
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
operations, in conjunction with other rescue duties.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for an Intermediate Rope Rescuer as related to general, field,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer may directly supervise
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
low angle rope rescue operations.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.4 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer must work under the
2
direct supervision of qualified rope rescue personnel during
2.1 ASTM Standards:
high angle or complex rope rescues.
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn
3
2017)
1.2 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer endorsement applies
F1768 GuideforUsingWhistleSignalsDuringRopeRescue
only to rescues on the surface of the land; additional endorse-
Operations
ments are required to perform this level of rope rescue in other
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
environments. This guide alone does not define the minimum
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
training requirements for rescuing in partially or fully col-
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and
lapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or
Rescue Resources
underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
F2047 Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of
1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer is required to have
Emergency Services Volunteers
knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the intermediate roped
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
evacuation and carryout component of rescue. These include
F2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue
but are not limited to patient packaging, construction of an
Team Member
anchor system, construction of simple, compound, and com-
F2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1)
plex rope mechanical advantage systems, and construction and
Rescuer Endorsement
use of lowering (fixed-brake) rope systems.
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
(PTB)
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Training and Education. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2954 – 12. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.152
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2954 − 12 F2954 − 19
Standard Guide for
Training for Level II Rope Rescue (R2) Intermediate Rope
1
Rescuer Endorsement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2954; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to be used guide, in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, GuideGuides F2751 and Guide F2752
(or equivalentequivalents for other environments), to address the specific knowledge and skills environments) defines the training
required for a rescuerperson who participates in rope rescue operations at a higheran intermediate level of responsibility and
complexity.complexity as part of larger rescue duty.
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to define the training that would prepare an endorsed Level II Rope Rescuer (LRT-R2)
or equivalent (under qualified supervision) to assist and supportdefines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person
to assist, support, and direct rope rescue operations at an intermediate level, including patient packaging, litter rigging, ascending
and descending fixed ropes in a high angle environment, and constructing raising and lowering systems, and directing simple low
angle rescue operations, in conjunction with other rescue duties.
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an endorsed LRT-R2Intermediate Rope Rescuer as related to
general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.
1.1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer may directly supervise low angle rope rescue operations.
1.1.4 An endorsed LRT-R2Intermediate Rope Rescuer must work under the direct supervision of qualified rope rescue
personnel.personnel during high angle or complex rope rescues.
1.2 An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer performs rope rescues in low and high angle terrain, and may serve as a litter attendant in
low (but not high) angle terrain. An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer is capable of safely assisting rope rescuers who have higher level
endorsements.Intermediate Rope Rescuer endorsement applies only to rescues on the surface of the land; additional endorsements
are required to perform this level of rope rescue in other environments. This guide alone does not define the minimum training
requirements for rescuing in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in
caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.2.1 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing or assisting in rescues that occur
in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.3 An endorsed LRT-R2Intermediate Rope Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the intermediate
subjectroped evacuation and carryout component of rope rescue. These include but are not limited to patient packaging,
construction of an anchor system, construction of simple simple, compound, and compoundcomplex rope mechanical advantage
systems, and construction and use of lowering (fixed-brake) rope systems.
1.4 Type II teams, as defined in GuideAn Intermediate Rope Rescuer may be a F1993, which may utilize personnel trained to
this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), andmember of a Rope Rescue Team or Rope Rescue Task Force or Group,
as defined in Guide F1993Kind C (mountainous).
1.4.1 Further training may be required before an endorsed LRT-R2Intermediate Rope Rescuer canmay actually participate onin
a particular kind of rope rescue team, depending on AHJ (authority having jurisdiction) regulations or policies.the regulations or
policies of the AHJ.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, Training and
Education.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012April 1, 2019. Published August 2012June 2019. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2954
– 12. DOI: 10.152
...

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1.6 A search dog crew is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
1.7 Search dog crews are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Personnel trained in accordance with this guide may be members of Type I and II teams or crews of Kind A (Wilderness), Kind B (Urban), Kind C (Mountainous), Kind D (Disaster/collapsed structure), Kind E (Inland water), Kind I (Avalanche), and Kind J (Evidence/human remains), and may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.8 Further training may be required before a search dog crew can fully participate on a particular type and kind of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 Search dog crews shall work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1848-14(2022)(Classification)
Standard Classification System for Canine Search Resources

ABSTRACT
This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained. This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources and is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents. This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. Search and rescue dog under this classification is either Type I or Type II, based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent of different individuals. Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed and include: Kind A, area search dog; Kind B, avalanche search dog; Kind C, cadaver search dog; Kind D, disaster/collapsed structure search dog; Kind E, evidence search dog; Kind F, railing search dog; Kind G, tracking search dog; and Kind H, water search.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard may be used to classify canine search resources (commonly referred to as search dog teams or crews) for emergency management operations, including search and rescue and law enforcement missions.  
4.2 Classification of canine search resources is based upon the training of the dog and its handler and their ability to perform specific tasks.  
4.3 Canine search resources are classified by category, kind, and type.  
4.4 A canine search resource may be more than one category.  
4.5 A canine search resource may be more than one kind.  
4.6 A particular kind of canine search resource can only be one type.  
4.7 A canine search resource’s type can vary, depending on its kind.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system defines canine search resources in terms of their training and capabilities.  
1.2 This classification system is intended to aid emergency managers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents. These classifications also provide a means by which dog handlers can convey to emergency management the tasks for which they and their dogs are trained.  
1.3 This classification system does not define standards of performance or training for canine search resources.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3144-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A trailing search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
4.1.1 A trailing search dog crew or team that meets the requirements of this guide is a Trailing Canine Search Resource, as defined in Classification F1848.  
4.2 Trailing search dogs that meet the requirements of this guide shall be tested by the AHJ using an aged trail of 6 to 12 h or as determined by the AHJ. Ages for competency trails shall take into consideration a minimum age, which should approximate the average response time for search dog crews.  
4.3 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a trailing search dog crew or team to perform trail searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a trailing search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training trailing search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that a trailing search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.7.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.8 A trailing search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless oth...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform a trailing search.  
1.2 Trailing search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for trailing search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and in caves, mines, and tunnels.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Trailing search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Trailing search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.6.1 Kind A (Wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (Urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (Mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind G (Cave);  
1.6.5 Kind H (Mine);  
1.6.6 Kind I (Avalanche);  
1.6.7 Kind K (Aircraft); and  
1.6.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a trailing search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.8 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a trailing search dog crew or team functions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory l...

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ASTM F3048-13(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Search and Rescue Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood SAR operations shall be conducted.  
4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide.  
4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ.  
4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met.  
4.8 Because operations in the swiftwater/flood environment are inherently dangerous, and individuals involved are frequently required to perform rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards should be included in agency policies and procedures.  
4.9 Swiftwater/flood personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (for example, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist, etc.) have been performed, or at the very least, should follow the appropriate federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS).  
1.2 The requirements of this guide shall apply to individuals, agencies, and organizations that respond to swiftwater/flood SAR operations, including those not regulated by government mandates.  
1.3 This document does not define the specific training required for personnel involved in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. Refer to local, state, federal, public, and private swiftwater rescue certification and operations courses that satisfy the existing authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements.  
1.4 This guide includes references more common to the United States of America, but may be adapted for use elsewhere.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3024-13(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue (SAR) Strike Team/Task Force Leader

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.  
1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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