Standard Terminology of Appearance

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visual display units).
1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (1-4)) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.
1.3 The usage of terms describing appearance varies considerably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different fields has been noted.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Effective Date
01-Feb-2005

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ASTM E284-04 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E284–04
Standard Terminology of
1
Appearance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Appearance, including the appearance of objects, materials, and light sources, is of importance in
many arts, industries, and scientific disciplines.Appearance terms are used in a wide range ofASTM
standards as well as other documents of concern in standardization, testing, and specification. The
purpose of this terminology standard is to define terms relating to the description of appearance.
Definitions are of two distinctly different kinds. A descriptive definition reports existing usage,
whereas a prescriptive definition is an invitation to use a term in a specific way. By agreement of
ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, the definitions in this terminology standard are
taken to be prescriptive in nature. Committee E12 thereby assumes a position of leadership in usage.
Terms and definitions in several terminology standards and vocabularies other than ASTM (see
References),aswellasotherASTMterminologystandards,havebeenconsideredforinclusioninthis
terminology standard.An effort has been made to achieve greater accuracy, brevity, clarity, precision,
and internal consistency, and to draw distinctions that are useful in the practical measurement and
specification of appearance.
Suggestions for additions or revisions to this terminology standard are welcome.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
description of appearance, including but not limited to color, C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both mate- Products
rials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources C 286 Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and
(including visual display units). Ceramic-Metal Systems
1.2 ItisthepolicyofASTMCommitteeE12onAppearance C460 Terminology for Asbestos-Cement
that this terminology standard include important terms and D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are and Applications
currentlyusedinanASTMstandard.Termsthatareincommon D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
2
(1–4) ) are generally not included, except when the dictionar- D1003 Test Method for Haze and LuminousTransmittance
ies show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate of Transparent Plastics
the definitions recommended for E12 standards. D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.3 The usage of terms describing appearance varies con- D1245 PracticeforExaminationofWater-FormedDeposits
siderably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different by Chemical Microscopy
fields has been noted. D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-
tem
D1695 TerminologyofCelluloseandCelluloseDerivatives
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.01 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E284–03a.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
text.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E284–04
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec- 3.6 Thisterminologystandardadoptsthefollowingusageof
tometry certainwordendings.Theending“ion”denotesaprocess,asin
E131 Terminology Related to Molecular Spectroscopy reflection; “ance” denotes a property of a specimen, as in
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for reflectance;and“ity”denotesapropertyofthekindofmaterial
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials of which the specimen is composed, as in reflectivity. Excep-
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness tionsexist,asinthecommonuseof illuminationand radiation
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates to refer to quantities as well as processes.
E349 Terminology Relating
...

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