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ASTM D7168-11e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water samples (that is, non-process and effluent waters). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.4 This method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2011
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7168-11 - Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
Effective Date
15-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1387-23 - Standard Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil
Effective Date
15-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8026-16 - Standard Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Effective Date
15-May-2011

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ASTM D7168-11e1 - Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction DiskASTM D7168-11e1 - Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
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ASTM D7168-11e1 - Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D7168 − 11
StandardTest Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 16 editorially in June 2013.
1. Scope D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction
99 D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
(SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water
Environmental Site Characterization
samples (that is, non-process and effluent waters).
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
spectrometry.
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the
3. Terminology
range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L(1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
one litre sample.
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for infor- 4. Summary of Test Method
mation purposes only.
4.1 Ameasuredaliquantofsampleistransferredtoabeaker.
1.4 This method has been used successfully with tap water. Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to
method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire
matrices.
sample is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto
which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a liquid scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquid scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are determined by the method of standard additions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 9.
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction
Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
2. Referenced Documents
addressed in Variations A and B of the method.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.1 This method has not been evaluated for all possible
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
matrices. Method suitability should be determined on specific
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
waters of interest.
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water MonitoringWells
6. Interferences
6.1 Suspended materials must be removed by filtration or
centrifuging prior to processing the sample. Suspended par-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
ticulate matter in the sample will be physically trapped in part
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
cal Analysis.
or in whole on or in the SPE extraction material.This may lead
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
topotentialinclusionofradionuclidebearingsolidsortosignal
ε1
published in 2005. Last previous edition published 2005 as D7168 – 05 . DOI:
quenching in the liquid scintillation measurement.
10.1520/D7168-11E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Technetium-99 activity in the sample may overwhelm
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
99
the signal from the Tc spike addition and interfere with
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. accurate determination of chemical yield. Samples for which
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7168 − 11
the unspiked sample count rate exceeds 50 % of the spiked lowradioactivity samples, the activity of the reagents shall be
sample count rate should be reprepared with an appropriately determined under analytical conditio
...

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4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
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SCOPE
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Sections  
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Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure  
5 to 200 000  
19 to 23  
ment  
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ASTM D1498-14(2022)e1(Test Method)
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This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared, the theoretical interpretation of the oxidation-reduction potential, or the establishment of a standard oxidation-reduction potential for any given system. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential.  
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ASTM D2331-08(2022)(Practice)
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SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
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Sections  
Preparation of the Analytical Sample  
8  
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample  
9  
Dissolving the Analytical Sample  
10  
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ASTM D7168-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4922-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Radioactive Iron in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
1.2 This test method was developed principally for the quantitative determination of 55Fe. However, after proper calibration of the liquid scintillation counter with reference standards of each nuclide, 59Fe may also be quantified.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of 90Sr in non-process water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of 90Sr in environmental samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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