ASTM D7168-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water samples (that is, non-process and effluent waters). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
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Designation: D7168 − 11
StandardTest Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Ground Water Sampling for
Environmental Site Characterization
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction
99 D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
(SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
samples (that is, non-process and effluent waters).
Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation
3. Terminology
spectrometry.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the
method refer to Terminology D1129.
range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L(1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a
4. Summary of Test Method
one litre sample.
4.1 Ameasuredaliquantofsampleistransferredtoabeaker.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to
mation purposes only.
oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire
1.4 This method has been used successfully with tap water.
sample is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto
It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test
which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to
method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested
a liquid scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well
matrices.
mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
liquid scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are determined by the method of standard additions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
addressed in Variations A and B of the method.
statements, see Section 9.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This method has not been evaluated for all possible
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
matrices. Method suitability should be determined on specific
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
waters of interest.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6. Interferences
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
6.1 Suspended materials must be removed by filtration or
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
centrifuging prior to processing the sample. Suspended par-
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water MonitoringWells
ticulate matter in the sample will be physically trapped in part
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
orinwholeonorintheSPEextractionmaterial.Thismaylead
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
topotentialinclusionofradionuclidebearingsolidsortosignal
quenching in the liquid scintillation measurement.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
6.2 Technetium-99 activity in the sample may overwhelm
99
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
the signal from the Tc spike addition and interfere with
cal Analysis.
accurate determination of chemical yield. Samples for which
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
the unspiked sample count rate exceeds 50 % of the spiked
published in 2005. Last previous edition published 2005 as D7168—05e01. DOI:
10.1520/D7168-11.
sample count rate should be reprepared with an appropriately
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
adjusted aliquant and spike addition levels to minimize contri-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
butions to uncertainty in the determination of the chemical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. yield.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7168 − 11
6.3 Organic compounds present in significant quantities in and applied as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D7168–05 Designation:D7168–11
Standard Test Method for
99
1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Footnote 7 was updated editorially in February 2009.
1. Scope
99
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesasolidphaseextraction(SPE)proceduretoseparate Tcfromenvironmentalwatersamples(that
is, non-process and effluent waters). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L(1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre
sample.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.4 Thismethodhasbeenusedsuccessfullywithtapwater.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthistestmethod
for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Ground Water Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization Guide for Direct-Push Ground
Water Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured aliquant of sample is transferred to a beaker. Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire sample
is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to a liquid
scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by liquid
scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections are determined by the method of standard additions.
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
addressed in Variations A and B of the method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. DOI: 10.1520/D7168-05E01.
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally published in 2005. Last previous edition published 2005 as D7168—05e01. DOI:
10.1520/D7168-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7168–11
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Method suitability should be determined on specific waters
of interest.
6. Interferences
6.1 Suspended materials must be removed by filtration or centrifuging prior to processing the sample. Suspended particulate
matter in the sample will be physically trapped in part or in whole on or in the SPE extraction material. This may lead to potential
inclusion of radionuclide bearing solids or to signal quenching in the liquid
...
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