ASTM D4280-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers extended life type, nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation. Pavement markers shall undergo tests to examine their conformance with specified construction, performance (retroreflectivity), and physical property (flexural strength, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, coefficient of luminous intensity, color, resistance to lens cracking, lens impact strength, and temperature cycling strength) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the document. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4280 −12
StandardSpecification for
Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective
1
Pavement Markers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
D5329Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied,
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective
for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement
raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and
Concrete Pavements
delineation.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
ASTM Test Methods
asthestandardexceptwherenotedinthedocument.Thevalues
E284Terminology of Appearance
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
that are provided for information only and are not considered
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
standard.
E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
E809Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This Retroreflectors
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
E811Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
3
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
2.2 Federal Specifications:
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
TT-T-291Thinner,Paint,MineralSpirits,RegularandOdor-
tions prior to use.
less
4
2.3 AASHTO Standards:
2. Referenced Documents
AASHTO M237Epoxy ResinAdhesive for Bonding Traffic
2
Markers to Hardened Concrete
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
3. Terminology
D36TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ring-and-
Ball Apparatus)
3.1 Definitions:
D71Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and
3.1.1 cleanability—the ability of a raised retroreflective
Asphalt (Displacement Method)
marker to keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and
D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
environmental conditions.
Open Cup Tester
3.1.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R —the ratio of the
I
D113Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of
D1785Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a
Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light,
D3111Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-
expressed in candelas per lux (cd/lx) (see Practice E808 and
Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
Terminology E284).
D4402Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thevaluespresentedforthecoefficient
of luminous intensity are presented in SI units, which are the
acceptedworldwidenormforexpressingthisvalue,ratherthan
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
in inch-pounds. When values are low, the coefficient of
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4280–08. DOI: AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
10.1520/D4280-12. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.access.gpo.gov.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4280−12
(retroreflected) luminous intensity may be given in millican- 5.1.4 Abrasion resistance, if needed, and
delas per lux. In inch-pound units, R is given in candelas per 5.1.5 Flexural strength, if needed.
I
footcandle (cd/fc). Historically, the term “specific intensity”
NOTE1—Flexuralstrengthisnotcriticalwhenapplicat
...
Designation: D4280 − 08 D4280 − 12
Standard Specification for
Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective
1
Pavement Markers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound SI units are to be regarded as the standard. standard except where noted in the document.
The values given in parentheses are for information only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
D3111 Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
D4402 Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
D5329 Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement Concrete
Pavements
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
3
2.2 Federal Specifications:
TT-T-291 Thinner, Paint, Mineral Spirits, Regular and Odorless
4
2.3 AASHTO Standards:
AASHTO M237 Epoxy Resin Adhesive for Bonding Traffic Markers to Hardened Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
3.1.1 cleanability—the ability of a raised retroreflective marker to keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and environmental
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
conditions.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R —the ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of
I Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light, expressed in
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
candelas per lux (cd/lx) (see Practice E808 and Terminology E284).
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
4
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4280 − 12
The values presented for the coefficient of luminous intensity are presented in SI units, which are the accepted worldwide norm
for expressing this value, rather than in inch-pounds. When values are low, the coefficient of (retroreflected) luminous intensity
may be given in millicandelas per lux. In inch-pound units, R is given in candelas per footcandle (cd/fc). Historically, the term
I
“specific intensity” and symbol (“SI”) have been used to designate this term but “R ” is preferred.
I
3.1.3 color—chromaticity, according to the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) 1931 colorimetric system.
3.1.4 horizontal entrance angle—the angle in the horizontal plane between the direction of incident light and the normal to the
leading edge of the marker.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on Highway
Traffic
...
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