iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D178-01e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting

Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection of workers.  
1.2 Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I and Type II matting.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 17 to 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1--Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for use through normal temperature ranges.
Note 2--Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that includes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2001
ICS
29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
Technical Committee
F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
Drafting Committee
F18.25 - Insulating Cover-Up Equipment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D178-01 - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D178-01e2 - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001

Buy Standard

ASTM D178-01e1 - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating MattingASTM D178-01e1 - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM D178-01e1 - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: D 178 – 01
Standard Specification for
1
Rubber Insulating Matting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—A precision and bias statement was added editorially in May 2004.
4
1. Scope D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D 573 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration in an Air
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber
3
Oven
insulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection of
D 1692 Test Method for Rate of Burning or Extent and
workers.
Time of Burning of Cellular Plastics Using a Specimen
1.2 Twotypesofmatting,differinginchemicalandphysical
5
Supported by a Horizontal Screen
characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I and
6
2.2 American National Standard:
Type II matting.
ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the
and Equipment (60 Hz)
test method portion, Sections 17 to 19, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
3. Terminology
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1 Definitions:
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.1.1 user, n—as used in 4.3.1, the entity employing the
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
actual worker(s) utilizing the equipment; if no separate em-
limitations prior to use.
ployer, then the individual.
NOTE 1—Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for use
3.1.2 voltage, maximum retest, n—voltage, either ac rms or
through normal temperature ranges.
dc avg, which is equal to the proof-test voltage for new
NOTE 2—Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that
protective equipment.
includes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.
3.1.3 voltage, retest, n—voltage, either ac rms or dc avg,
2. Referenced Documents that used protective equipment must be capable of withstand-
ing for a specified test period without breakdown.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 voltage, nominal design, n—a nominal value consis-
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
tent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to the
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
2 circuit or system for the purpose of conveniently designating
at Commercial Power Frequencies
its voltage class.
D 297 Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical
3 3.1.5 voltage, maximum use, n—the ac voltage (rms) clas-
Analysis
sification of the protective equipment that designates the
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
3 maximum nominal design voltage of the energized system that
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
3
phase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits.
uids
3.1.5.1 If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area,
D 518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
3
and the voltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity on dc
Cracking
systems) to ground potential, the phase (polarity on dc sys-
tems) to ground potential shall be considered to be the nominal
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on design voltage.
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F18.25 on Insulating Cover-Up Equipment. This standard replaces
4
ANSI Standard J 6.7, which is no longer available.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
5
Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally
Discontinued January 1978; see the 1977 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
published as D178 – 23 T. Last previous edition D178 – 93 (1998).
Part 36.
2
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D 178–01
3.1.5.2 If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, or 5.1.2.1 A—Ozone resistance
isolated, or both, such that the multiphase exposure on a
5.1.2.2 B—Flame resistance
grounded wye circuit is removed, then the nominal design
5.1.2.3 C—Oil resistance
voltage may be considered as the phase-to-ground voltage on
5.1.3
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F1236-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Visual Inspection of Electrical Protective Rubber Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides inspection methods and techniques that may be used to examine electrical protective rubber products for irregularities. The methods have applications in manufacturing facilities, testing laboratories, and in the field where the products are used.  
4.2 This guide also contains photographs that illustrate the descriptions of terms listed in Section 3 and in Definitions F819.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to present methods and techniques for the visual inspection of electrical protective rubber products. This guide also includes descriptions and photographs of irregularities found in these products.  
Note 1: It is not the purpose of this guide to establish the acceptance level of any irregularity described herein. That shall be established by the standard for each product.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D178-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the acceptance testing of insulating rubber matting that are used as a floor covering for the personal protection of workers. The sheeting shall be made from any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds. Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I, which has been properly vulcanized, and Type II, which has one or more of the following special properties: (A) ozone resistance; (B) flame resistance; and (C) oil resistance. Five classes of matting, designated as Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical protection characteristics. When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures detailed herein, the matting shall adhere to the following property requirements: electrical properties such as phase-phase maximum use voltage, AC and DC proof-test voltages, AC and DC dielectric breakdown test voltages, and AC and DC electrode clearances; an physical and chemical properties such as moisture absorption, oil resistance, tensile strength, tension set, elongation, resistance to accelerated heat aging, and flame resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
X1.3 Significance and Use
X1.3.1 Tests made on a cellular plastic under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the rate of burning and/or extent and time of burning of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a measure of deterioration or change in burning characteristics prior to or during use.
X1.3.2 This test method is not intended to be a criterion for fire hazard. The fire hazard created by materials depends upon the form and end use of the material. Assessment of fire hazard includes, but is not limited to, many factors, such as, ease of ignition, burning rate, flame spread, fuel contribution, intensity of burning, and products of combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection of workers.  
1.2 Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I and Type II matting.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 17 to 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for use through normal temperature ranges.
Note 2: Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that includes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1048-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Blankets

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the acceptance testing of insulating rubber blankets that are used for the personal protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. Two types of blankets, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as: Type I, made from properly vulcanized high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin that is non-resistant to ozone; and Type II, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds that is resistant to ozone. Five classes of blankets, designated as Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical protection characteristics. Styles of blankets are designated in accordance to construction characteristics, namely: Style A, blankets free of any reinforcements; and Style B, blankets incorporated with reinforcement(s). When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures detailed herein, the blankets shall adhere to the following property requirements: electrical properties such as phase-phase maximum use voltage, AC and DC proof-test voltages, AC and DC dielectric breakdown test voltages, and AC and DC clearances; and physical and chemical properties such as ozone resistance, moisture absorption, tensile strength, tension set, elongation, drape stiffness, flex stiffness, tear resistance, resistance to accelerated heat aging, and puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits.  
1.2 Two types of blankets are provided and are designated as Type I, not resistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of blankets, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Two styles of blankets, differing in construction characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A and Style B.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 16 – 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1049-98(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Covers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating covers for use as portable protective devices for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. It includes insulator hoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors, cable end covers, and miscellaneous covers. The electrical, physical, and chemical requirements of this specification shall apply also to any new or modified styles of covers that may be developed for specific purposes. The covers shall be of three types: Type I – non-resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized; Type II - ozone resistant, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds; and Type III - ozone-resistant, made of any combination of elastomer and thermoplastic polymer, elastic in nature. Electrical proof, ozone resistance, chemical, and physical tests shall be conducted on each of the covers to determine its acceptability. The cover material shall conform to the tensile strength requirements, the accelerated aging, and for Type I covers, the determination of rubber polymer. Each cover shall withstand the specified ac proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating covers for use as portable protective devices for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. It includes insulator hoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors, cable end covers, and miscellaneous covers. The electrical, physical, and chemical requirements of this specification shall apply also to any new or modified styles of covers that may be developed for specific purposes.  
1.2 Three types of covers, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II and Type III, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of covers, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Five styles of covers, differing in design characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Style A, Style B, Style C, Style D, and Style E.  
Note 1: Because of the use requirements some covers are semi-rigid and others flexible. The flexible devices should remain suitably flexible for application and removal through normal temperatures of − 29 °C to 54.5 °C (−20 °F to 130 °F).  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 18.2 for a specific cautionary statement.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1051-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing of rubber insulating sleeves for protection of workers from electrical shock.  
1.2 Two types of sleeves are provided and are designated as Type I, nonresistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of sleeves, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Two styles of sleeves, differing in configuration, are provided and are designated as Style A, straight taper, and Style B, curved elbow.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Sections 16 – 19, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in 18.2.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2655-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation for Wire and Cable Rated 0 to 2000 V, 90 °C Operation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crosslinked polymer insulation material consisting substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer for electrical wires and cables in conductor, suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, having specified sizes and operating at specified voltage ratings and conductor temperatures. Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection. Since the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor, tests shall then be done on insulated wire solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall meet the physical properties as follows: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging; heat distortion; filled and unfilled percent hot creep; and filled and unfilled percent hot set. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, and accelerated water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a crosslinked polyethylene insulation for electrical wires and cables in conductor sizes 14 AWG [2.08 mm2] and larger. The base polymer of this insulation consists substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer.  
1.2 This type of insulation is suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, for voltage ratings not exceeding 2000 V and at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C for normal operation. For copper conductors, the insulation can be applied over the uncoated metal.  
1.3 Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection.  
1.4 In many instances the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire in this standard solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3144-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Crosslinked Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated. The tubing shall be extruded, crosslinked, and then expanded to the required dimensions. The material shall conform to the chemical property requirements specified. Every lot of material manufactured shall be tested for restricted shrinkage, heat shock, tensile strength, and elongation to conform to the mechanical, thermal, electrical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated.
Note 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684–3–228.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, except temperature which shall be stated in degrees Celsius. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1236-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Visual Inspection of Electrical Protective Rubber Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides inspection methods and techniques that may be used to examine electrical protective rubber products for irregularities. The methods have applications in manufacturing facilities, testing laboratories, and in the field where the products are used.  
4.2 This guide also contains photographs that illustrate the descriptions of terms listed in Section 3 and in Definitions F819.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to present methods and techniques for the visual inspection of electrical protective rubber products. This guide also includes descriptions and photographs of irregularities found in these products.  
Note 1: It is not the purpose of this guide to establish the acceptance level of any irregularity described herein. That shall be established by the standard for each product.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D785-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A Rockwell hardness number is a number derived from the net increase in depth impression as the load on an indenter is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load and then returned to a minor load (Procedure A). A Rockwell alpha (α) hardness number represents the maximum possible remaining travel of a short-stroke machine from the net depth of impression, as the load on the indenter is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load (Procedure B). Indenters are round steel balls of specific diameters. Rockwell hardness numbers are always quoted with a scale symbol representing the indenter size, load, and dial scale used. This test method is based on Test Methods E18. Procedure A (Section 11) yields the indentation of the specimen remaining 15 s after a given major load is released to a standard 10-kg minor load. Procedure B (Section 12) yields the indentation of the indenter into the specimen after a 15-s application of the major load while the load is still applied. Each Rockwell scale division represents 0.002-mm (0.00008-in.) vertical movement of the indenter. In practice, the Rockwell hardness number is derived from the following relationship:  
     where:
  HR  =  the Rockwell hardness number, and   e  =  the depth of impression after removal of the major load, in units of 0.002 mm. This relation only holds for the E, M, L, R, and K scales.    
4.2 A Rockwell hardness number is directly related to the indentation hardness of a plastic material, with the higher the reading the harder the material. An α hardness number is equal to 150 minus the instrument reading. Due to a short overlap of Rockwell hardness scales by Procedure A, two different dial readings on different scales may be obtained on the same material, both of which may be technically correct.  
4.3 For certain types of materials having creep and recovery, the time factors involved in applications of major and minor loads have a considerable effect on the results of the measureme...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for testing the indention hardness of plastics and related plastic electrical insulating materials by means of the Rockwell hardness tester.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 2039-2 are equivalent. Procedure A of this test method is equivalent to the test method in the main body of ISO 2039-2. Procedure B of this test method is equivalent to the test method in the integral annex part of ISO 2039-2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D256-23e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Before proceeding with these test methods, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply.  
5.2 The pendulum impact test indicates the energy to break standard test specimens of specified size under stipulated parameters of specimen mounting, notching, and pendulum velocity-at-impact.  
5.3 The energy lost by the pendulum during the breakage of the specimen is the sum of the following:  
5.3.1 Energy to initiate fracture of the specimen;  
5.3.2 Energy to propagate the fracture across the specimen;  
5.3.3 Energy to throw the free end (or ends) of the broken specimen (“toss correction”);  
5.3.4 Energy to bend the specimen;  
5.3.5 Energy to produce vibration in the pendulum arm;  
5.3.6 Energy to produce vibration or horizontal movement of the machine frame or base;  
5.3.7 Energy to overcome friction in the pendulum bearing and in the indicating mechanism, and to overcome windage (pendulum air drag);  
5.3.8 Energy to indent or deform plastically the specimen at the line of impact; and  
5.3.9 Energy to overcome the friction caused by the rubbing of the striker (or other part of the pendulum) over the face of the bent specimen.  
5.4 For relatively brittle materials, for which fracture propagation energy is small in comparison with the fracture initiation energy, the indicated impact energy absorbed is, for all practical purposes, the sum of factors 5.3.1 and 5.3.3. The toss correction (see 5.3.3) may represent a very large fraction of the total energy absorbed when testing relatively dense and brittle materials. Test Method C shall be used for materials that have an Izod impact resistance of less than 27 J/m (0.5 ft·lbf/in.). (See Appendix X4 for optional units.) T...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of plastics to “standardized” (see Note 1) pendulum-type hammers, mounted in “standardized” machines, in breaking standard specimens with one pendulum swing (see Note 2). The standard tests for these test methods require specimens made with a milled notch (see Note 3). In Test Methods A, C, and D, the notch produces a stress concentration that increases the probability of a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture. In Test Method E, the impact resistance is obtained by reversing the notched specimen 180° in the clamping vise. The results of all test methods are reported in terms of energy absorbed per unit of specimen width or per unit of cross-sectional area under the notch. (See Note 4.)
Note 1: The machines with their pendulum-type hammers have been “standardized” in that they must comply with certain requirements, including a fixed height of hammer fall that results in a substantially fixed velocity of the hammer at the moment of impact. However, hammers of different initial energies (produced by varying their effective weights) are recommended for use with specimens of different impact resistance. Moreover, manufacturers of the equipment are permitted to use different lengths and constructions of pendulums with possible differences in pendulum rigidities resulting. (See Section 5.) Be aware that other differences in machine design may exist. The specimens are “standardized” in that they are required to have one fixed length, one fixed depth, and one particular design of milled notch. The width of the specimens is permitted to vary between limits.
Note 2: Results generated using pendulums that utilize a load cell to record the impact force and thus impact energy, may not be equivalent to results that are generated using manually or digitally encoded testers that measure the energy remaining in the pendulum after impact.
Note 3: The notch in the Iz...

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off