ASTM F2947-12

Standard Specification for 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.]. The requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, general requirements (workmanship, dimensions and tolerance, pipe stiffness, pipe flattening, pipe impact strength, fittings and joining systems, slow crack growth resistance-pipe, structural design), test methods (referee testing, quality control testing), inspection, rejection and rehearing, certification, markings, packaging, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1. Scope Top   Bottom  
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the Imperial (inch-pound) units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2012
• ICS: 93.030 - External sewage systems
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.62 - Sewer

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2947-12e1 - Standard Specification for 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F3202-19a - Standard Specification for Solid Wall Poly (Vinyl Chloride) PVC Fittings for Joining Corrugated Wall High Density Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) Piping
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2947 −12 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall
Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
tics
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters
D2321 PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
covered are 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.].
tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings pro-
D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
duced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in
tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
compliance with Practice D2321.
Tup (Falling Weight)
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI or inch-pound
D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
the Imperial (inch-pound) units are shown in brackets. The
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents:
tings Materials
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
D4389 SpecificationforFinishedGlassFabricsWovenFrom
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
Rovings
conformance with the standard.
D4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
Viscometer
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Method
tions prior to use.
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-
2. Referenced Documents
ing Plastic Pipe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress
A666 Specification forAnnealed or Cold-WorkedAustenitic
(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-
Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
cations Section 12–Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. DOI: 10.1520/
F2947-12
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2947−12
FIG. 1Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe Profile
3. Terminology bethesamecellclassificationasnewPEcompoundwithwhich
it is blended and the pipe produced shall meet all the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
requirements of this specification.
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
nologyD1600,unlessotherwisespecified.Theabbreviationfor
6. General Requirements
polyethylene is PE.
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homoge-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical
3.2.1 profile wall, n—in this case, the profile pipe wall
in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of
construction provides an interior liner in the waterway and
cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other
includesribs,corrugations,orothershapes,whichcanbeeither
defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the
solid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical
wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely
deformation.
through valleys.
4. Ordering Information
6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, and delamina-
tions in pipe are not permissible.
4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shall
include the following information to adequately describe the
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:
desired product:
6.2.1 Nominal Size—The nominal size for the pipe and
4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,
fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.
4.1.2 Diameters,
4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved, NOTE 1—The actual inside diameter of a pipe depends on the material
distribution, construction and stiffness. It may be considerably higher than
4.1.4 Pipe laying length,
the minimums specified in this table. For more information, see the
4.1.5 Fitting type(s):
manufacturer’s documentation.
4.1.5.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and
6.2.2 Mean Inside Diameter—The manufacturer’s stated
branch diameters, and
mean inside diameter shall be as shown in Table 1, when
4.1.5.2 Number of fittings per diameter.
measured in accordance with 7.3.1.
5. Materials and Manufacture
NOTE 2—The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products
5.1 Pipe and Fabricated Fittings—The pipe and fabricated manufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-
ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from different
fittings shall be made of virgin PE compound meeting the
manufacturers must be verified.
requirements of Specification D3350 with a minimum cell
classification of 435400C.The carbon black content in the pipe
6.2.3 Laying Length—The pipe shall be supplied in any
shall be equal to or greater than 2.0 wt % and shall not exceed
laying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-
3.0wt %.Forqualityassurancepurposes,thecellclassification
turer. Laying length shall not be less than 99 % of stated
shall be performed on compression molded plaque, made
quantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.
according to Test Method D4603 and cooled at 15ºC/min. The
6.2.4 Liner Thickness—The minimum liner thickness of the
pipe density shall be corrected for percentage carbon black
pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when
according to Specification D3350. Compounds that have a
measured in accordance with 7.3.3.
highercellclassificationinoneormoreperformanceproperties
6.3 Pipe Stiffness—Minimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-
shall be permitted provided all other product requirements are
tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when tested
met.
in accordance with 7.4.
5.2 Rework—Clean rework generated from the manufactur-
NOTE 3—The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testing
er’s own pipe and fittings production of this product shall be
convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The
permitted to be used by the same manufacturer. Rework shall engineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.
F2947−12
TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimensions
Nominal Mean Inside Minimum Pipe Stiffness Minimum Liner
Diameter Diameter Stiffness @ 5% Deflection Thickness
mm [in.] mm [in.] kPa [lb/in./in.] mm [in.]
150 6 145 5.91 441 64 1.0 0.039
200 8 195 7.87 414 60 1.1 0.043
225 9 220 8.86 407 59 1.2 0.047
250 10 245 9.84 400 58 1.3 0.051
300 12 294 11.57 372 54 1.4 0.055
375 15 369 14.51 310 45 1.7 0.067
400 16 392 15.43 303 44 1.8 0.071
450 18 450 17.72 297 43 1.9 0.074
500 20 490 19.29 276 40 2.0 0.079
600 24 588 23.15 262 38 2.2 0.087
750 30 751 29.56 228 33 2.4 0.094
800 32 785 30.91 200 29 2.6 0.102
900 36 902 35.49 179 26 2.7 0.106
1000 40 985 38.79 179 26 2.9 0.114
1050 42 1051 41.39 172 25 3.2 0.126
1200 48 1185 46.65 152 22 3.5 0.138
1500 60 1501 59.10 138 20 4.0 0.157
6.4 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of split- design test shall be conducted on at least one pipe diameter
ting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams, within the prescribed diameter range and shall be conducted on
separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof, each diameter that differs in joint design. If the joint design
when tested in accordance with 7.5. does not change within the prescribed range, the largest
diameter shall be tested. If the diameter range includes more
6.5 Pipe Impact Strength—There shall be no evidence of
than 5 different pipe diameters, then two sizes shall be tested;
splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,
the largest and smallest diameters.
separation of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof, on
any specimen when tested in accordance with 7.6.
6.7 Slow Crack Growth Resistance–Pipe—For slow crack-
growthresistance,thepipeshallbeevaluatedusingthenotched
6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:
constant ligament stress (NCLS) test according to the proce-
6.6.1 Only fittings fabricated from pipe meeting this speci-
dure described in 7.7. The NCLS test shall be conducted on
fication and supplied or recommended by the pipe manufac-
molded plaques, and the average failure time of the five test
turer shall be used. Fabricated fittings shall be installed in
specimens shall exceed 41 h with no single test specimen’s
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
failure time less than 29 h.
6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design that
preserves alignment during construction and prevents separa-
6.8 Structural Design:
tion at the joints.
6.8.1 The manufacturer shall supply appropriate data nec-
6.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall have a watertight bell/spigot
essary to satisfy the requirements of deflection, thrust, buck-
joint that complies with the laboratory tests defined and
ling,bendingstressandlong-termstraininaccordancewiththe
described in Test Method D3212 and utilizes a gasket that
design criteria of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-
complies with the requirements of Specification F477. All
cation (LRFD, Section 12). The design engineer shall verify
jointsshallshownosignsofleakagewhentestedinaccordance
that the data provided by the manufacturer satisfy the product
with Specification D3212. Note that special provisions must be
requirements.
taken in order that joints made to field cut pipe meet the
6.8.2 The minimum long-term (50-year) design values for
requirements of Specification D3212. Any component used in
modulus of elasticity and tensile strength for the PE com-
the joining material shall be resistant to effluents being carried
pounds shall be 152 MPa (22,000 psi) and 6.2 MPa (900 psi),
in the pipe.
respectively. The maximum allowable long-term (50-year)
6.6.4 Optional Bell Restraining Bands—Bell restraining
tensile strain limit for design shall be 5 %.
bands, when used, shall be made of corrosion resistant mate-
6.8.2.1 Creep Rupture Strength—Specimens fabricated in
rials such as fiberglass (Specification D4389) or stainless steel
the same manner and composed of the same materials as the
(Specification A666).
finished pipe shall have a 50-year creep rupture tensile strength
6.6.5 Joint Proof-of-Design—To assess the effects of long-
at 23°C (73°F) not less than 6.2 MPa (900 psi), when
term properties of the pipe and gasket material under a joint
determined in accordance with 7.9.
assembly, a joint proof-of-design test shall be conducted on the
pipe joints using the test method outlined in 7.8. Each joint 6.8.2.2 Creep Modulus—Specimens fabricated in the same
proof of design pressure test shall be conducted by an manner and composed of the same materials as the finished
independent third party, which provides written certification pipe shall have a 50-year tensile creep modulus at 23°C (73°F)
for each test. This test is a one-time validation test for the at the stress level of 3.5 MPa (500 psi) not less than 152 MPa
specific pipe diameter, profile geometry, gasket and joint (22,000 psi). The creep modulus shall be determined in
configuration supplied by the manufacturer. This proof-of- accordance with 7.10.
F2947−12
NOTE4—The50-yearcreeprupturestrengthand50-yearcreepmodulus
by 40 %. The rate of loading shall be 12.5 mm/min [0.5
values, determined by the test methods in 7.9 and 7.10, are used to define
in./min], and may be increased after 5 % deflection is obtained
the slope of the logarithmic regression curves to describe the required
for pipe stiffness so the remainder of the test is completed
material properties sampled from the product. They are not to be
within 2 to 5 minutes.
interpreted as service life limits.
7.6 Impact Resistance—Test pipe specimens in accordance
7. Test Methods
with Test Method D2444 except six specimens shall be tested
once each at random orientations or six impacts shall be made
7.1 Conditioning:
on one specimen. In the latter case, as a referee test, successive
7.1.1 Referee Testing—When conditioning is required for
impacts shall be separated by 60 6 10° for impacts made on
referee tests, condition the specimens in accordance with
one circle, or at least 300 mm [12 in.] longitudinally for
Procedure A of Practice D618 at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F] for
impacts made on one element. Impact points shall be at least
not less than 40 h prior to test. Condu
...