ASTM D7204-07
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice can be used in sampling ash from a kiln or incinerator, soils, and process waste from conveying systems, such as, a conveyer and vertical lifts. Some slurries, such as the bottom solids, can be sampled from the quench waters at the end of a kiln.
This practice can be used to determine material balances for burner efficiency studies and compliance studies.
This practice can be used on lifts, sloping, and horizontal conveyor systems. The type of conveyor and the amount and type of sample required will dictate the type of sampling equipment required to get a representative sample.
The sample is taken directly from the conveyor before emptying into the waste container or pile for disposal or recycling using a scoop, dipper, or shovel depending upon the sample requirements (see Practice D 5633). The sample is then put into the sample container for analysis.
The place, quantity, frequency, and time of sampling is dependent upon the conveying system equipment, DQOs (Practice D 5792), work or sampling plan (See Practice D 5283 and Guide D 4687), and analysis to be run.
4.5.1 Large particles can be mechanically excluded on a belt system. Large particles may accumulate at the bottom of an inclined/sloped belt system. Therefore, steps, if possible, need to be taken so that particles of all sizes have equal chances of being sampled.
4.5.2 The number of samples and sample time is dependent upon the system, the precision required, the decisions that are to be made, the cost, and the degree of heterogeneity of the material (see Guide D 5956, Practice D 6250, and Guide D 6311).
4.5.3 In general, the ideal sampling location is nearest to the point of generation since temperature, oxidation, and air movement may change some samples with time.
The practice does not address issues related to the heterogeneity of the sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for sampling waste on open and closed conveying systems and is applicable to any waste material that can be conveyed to a waste pile or container. The conveyor system can be a vertical (vertical lifts), sloped or horizontal type.
1.2 This practice is intended for particles and slurries, which can be sampled using scoop, dipper or shovel type samplers.
1.3 The practice is not intended for large size sample constituents, such as boulders, large rocks, and debris.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D7204 − 07
StandardPractice for
Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Drums or Similar Containers
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for sam-
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
pling waste on open and closed conveying systems and is
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
applicable to any waste material that can be conveyed to a
Data Quality Objectives
waste pile or container. The conveyor system can be a vertical
D5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous
(vertical lifts), sloped or horizontal type.
Wastes
1.2 Thispracticeisintendedforparticlesandslurries,which
D6009 Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
can be sampled using scoop, dipper or shovel type samplers.
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
1.3 The practice is not intended for large size sample
constituents, such as boulders, large rocks, and debris. D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in Waste Management Decisions
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to Waste ManagementActivities: Selection and Optimiza-
tion of Sampling Design
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
3.1 Definitions:
Organic Compounds
3.1.1 See also Terminology D5681.
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4916 PracticeforMechanicalAugerSampling(Withdrawn 3.1.2 field records, n—information written in a field log
2008) book or loose leaf sampling forms at the time of sampling.
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Used at Waste Sites
4. Significance and Use
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
4.1 This practice can be used in sampling ash from a kiln or
lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance
incinerator, soils, and process waste from conveying systems,
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
such as, a conveyer and vertical lifts. Some slurries, such as the
D5633 Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
bottom solids, can be sampled from the quench waters at the
D5658 Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste From
end of a kiln.
Trucks
4.2 This practice can be used to determine material balances
D5680 Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in
for burner efficiency studies and compliance studies.
4.3 This practice can be used on lifts, sloping, and horizon-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
tal conveyor systems. The type of conveyor and the amount
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
and type of sample required will dictate the type of sampling
Sampling Techniques.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published April 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
equipment required to get a representative sample.
D7204-07.
4.4 The sample is taken directly from the conveyor before
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
emptying into the waste container or pile for disposal or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
recycling using a scoop, dipper, or shovel depending upon the
the ASTM website.
sample requirements (see Practice D5633). The sample is then
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. put into the sample container for analysis.
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D7204 − 07
4.5 The place, quantity, frequency, and time of sampling is 7.1.1 Many bucket conveyors and augers are enclosed
dependent upon the conveying system equipment, DQOs systemswhichmakesamplingofthemovingconveyorimprac-
(Practice D5792), work or sampling plan (See Practice D5283 tical. Samples may be taken at the end of the conveyor as the
and Guide D4687), and analysis to be run. sample drops into the waste pile or waste container (See 7.4 for
4.5.1 Largeparticlescanbemechanicallyexcludedonabelt
the method of sampling).
system. Large particles may accumulate at the bottom of an
7.1.2 The bucket conveyor catches almost everything mak-
inclined/sloped belt system. Therefore, steps, if possible, need
ing representative sampling of a heterogeneous sample diffi-
to be taken so that particles of all sizes have equal chances of
cult. A bucket conveyor cannot always be sampled while
being sampled.
moving due to the depth of the bucket and the difficulty in
4.5.2 The number of samples and sample time is dependent
getting a core sample of the bucket versus the liquid portion.
upon the system, the precision required, the decisions that are
Sampling as the material is being dumped is the easiest method
to be made, the cost, and the degree of heterogeneity of the
of sampling a bucket conveyor (See 7.4).
material (see Guide D5956, Practice D6250, and Guide
7.1.3 Atray conveyor system allows the sample to be taken
D6311).
after the quench (sampling a burner ash) using a flat scoop or
4.5.3 In general, the ideal sampling location is nearest to the
flat shovel which samples the tray to the bottom as the material
point of generation since temperature, oxidation, and air
moves toward the end of the conveyor. The tray conveyor
movement may change some samples with time.
system usually does not move too rapidly to be sampled while
4.6 The practice does not address issues related to the
moving. This allows for sampling of the tray by taking a
heterogeneity of the sample.
sample of the complete tray and putting the sample into the
sample container (see 7.3 for sampling method).
5. Sampling Equipment
7.1.4 A belt conveyor can be sampled using scoop, dipper,
5.1 The scoop, dipper or shovel must be manufactured from
andshovels.Ifthematerialisheterogeneousamixingstepmay
material that is compatible with the waste to be sampled, and
be required to determine the average over time sample.
the required test or analysis to be performed (see Guide
7.1.4.1 If the belt conveyor is tilted, larger particles tend to
D6232).
roll to the bottom of the conveyor. The inclusion of the larger
5.1.1 Sampling equipment must be selected that is chemi-
materials should be considered in the sampling plan or DQO
cally compatible with the type of waste and type of analyses.
process. The larger material may require grinding or other size
Stainless steel, glass, and plastic are generally acceptable for
reduction techniques before being sent to the laboratory.
most samples. Plastic sampling equipment is may not be
7.2 Sample Collection:
suitable for waste to be analyzed for organic parameters. It is
uptotheusertoensurethattheequipmentwillnotcontaminate 7.2.1 Review the work or sampling plan.
or bias the analyses.
7.2.2 Check to make sure tha
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