ASTM E448-82(2008)

Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials (Withdrawn 2017)

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes the standard procedures for the determination of the Scleroscope hardness of metallic materials, the verification of Scleroscope hardness instruments by a standardized test block method, and alternatively, the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks used for the verification of Scleroscope hardness instruments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the Scleroscope hardness of metallic materials (Part A), the verification of Scleroscope hardness instruments (Part B), and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks (Part C).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the determination of the Scleroscope1 hardness of metallic materials (Part A), the verification of Scleroscope hardness instruments (Part B), and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks (Part C).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing, this practice was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Jan-2017
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.06 - Indentation Hardness Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E448-82(2002)e1 - Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F3122-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C886-21 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E448 −82 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 calibration—determination of the values of the sig-
nificant parameters by comparison with values indicated by a
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the Sclero-
2 reference instrument or by a set of reference standards.
scope hardness of metallic materials (Part A), the verification
3.1.2 forged roll Scleroscope hardness number (HFRSc or
of Scleroscope hardness instruments (Part B), and the calibra-
HFRSd) —a number related to the height of rebound of a
tion of standardized hardness test blocks (Part C).
diamond-tipped hammer dropped on a forged steel roll. It is
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
measured on a scale determined by dividing into 100 units the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
average rebound of a hammer from a forged steel roll of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
accepted maximum hardness.
and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—The flat striking surface of the hammer in the forged roll
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Scleroscope is slightly larger than the corresponding surface in the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Scleroscope described in 3.1.3 (see Fig. 1). Hence the forged roll
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Scleroscope yields correspondingly higher hardness numbers.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 Scleroscope hardness number (HSc or HSd)—a num-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ber related to the height of rebound of a diamond-tipped
hammerdroppedonthematerialbeingtested.Itismeasuredon
2. Referenced Documents
a scale determined by dividing into 100 units the average
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rebound of the hammer from a quenched (to maximum
A427 Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold
hardness) and untempered high carbon water-hardening tool
and Hot Reduction
steel test block of AISI W-5.
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
3.1.4 Scleroscope hardness test—a dynamic indentation
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
hardness test using a calibrated instrument that drops a
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
diamond-tipped hammer (Note 2) from a fixed height onto the
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
surface of the material under test. The height of rebound of the
hammer is a measure of the hardness of the material.
3. Terminology
NOTE2—Anall-steel“MagnifierHammer”thatyieldedagreaterspread
3.1 Definitions:
in hardness readings on soft nonferrous metals has been available. This
hammer has become obsolete and, hence, is not considered in this
practice.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical
3.1.5 verification—confirmation by examination and provi-
Testing and is the direct responsibility of E28.06 on Indentation Hardness Testing.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
sion of evidence that an instrument, material, reference or
ε1
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E448 – 82 (2002) .
standard is in conformance with a specification.
Registered trademark of the Shore Instrument & Mfg. Co., Inc. DOI: 10.1520/
E0448-82R08.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The conversion from Forged Roll “C” Scleroscope hardness to Vickers
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM hardness contained in Specification A427 and to Rockwell C hardness contained in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standard E140 are presently the only Scleroscope hardness conversions in ASTM
the ASTM website. standards.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E448−82 (2008)
FIG. 1 Profile of Scleroscope Diamond Showing Range of Diam-
etersofFlatTip
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS AND TEST PROCEDURE FOR SCLEROSCOPE
HARDNESS TEST
4. Apparatus
4.1 The instrument used for determining Scleroscope hard- 4.4.1 There are two sizes of diamond-tipped hammers
ness numbers is supplied in two models designated Model C commonly used in the Scleroscope hardness instruments.
and Model D. These are the small hammer used in the Model C instrument
and the larger hammer used in the Model D instrument.
4.2 Scleroscope Model C—This model consists of a verti-
4.4.2 The following dimensions are applicable to the
cally disposed barrel containing a precision bore glass tube. A
diamond-tipped hammers:
scale, graduated from 0 to 140, is set behind and is visible
through the glass tube. A pneumatic actuating head, affixed to Model C
Diameter 0.234 in. (5.94 mm)
the top of the barrel, is manually operated by a rubber bulb and
Mass 2.300 ± 0.500 g
tube. A hammer drops from a specified height and rebounds
Over-all length 0.815 to 0.840 in. (20.7 to 21.3 mm)
Distance hammer 9.890 + 0.005, −0.015 in. (251.2 + 0.1,
within the glass tube.
falls −0.4 mm)
4.3 Scleroscope Model D—This model is known as the Dial
Model D
Recording Scleroscope. It consists of a vertically disposed
Diameter 0.3125 in. (7.94 mm)
barrel containing a clutch to arrest the hammer at maximum
Mass 36.0 ± 2.0 g
height of rebound. This is made possible by using a hammer
Over-all length 3.990 to 4.010 in. (101.33 to 104.10 mm)
Distance hammer 0.704 + 0.017, −0.021 in. (17.9 + 0.4, −0.5
which is longer and heavier than the hammer in the Model C
falls mm)
Scleroscope, and which develops the same striking energy in
4.4.3 The geometry of the diamond tip is of significance
dropping through a shorter distance. A number of supporting
onlyatitsultimateextremitybecauseofthelimitedpenetration
devices are available with this instrument and it is recom-
of the diamond into the material being tested. Such penetration
mended that one of these be used (see section 4.5).
is about 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) on mild steel and about 0.0005
4.4 Diamond-Tipped Hammers:
in. (0.013 mm) on hardened tool steel. Further, the variation in
hardness of commercially available industrial diamonds has a
significant effect on the readings of a rebound-type hardness
The sole source of supply of the Model C and D Scleroscopes known to the
committee at this time is the Shore Instrument and Manufacturing Co., Inc.,
instrument. Consequently, the geometry of the diamond must
Jamaica, NY. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
be shaped to produce a correct reading on reference bars of
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
knownhardness.IntheforgedrollScleroscopethediamondtip
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
you may attend. is specifically dimensioned to produce a correct reading on a
E448−82 (2008)
forged-steel roll of known hardness. In profile, the diamond is 7. Procedure
convex, having an approximate radius terminated by a flat
7.1 Test Method—To perform a test with either the Model C
striking surface, as shown in Fig. 1. The flat striking surface is
orModelDScleroscope,holdorsettheinstrumentinavertical
approximately circular and from 0.004 to 0.016 in. (0.1 to 0.4
position with the bottom of the barrel in firm contact with the
mm) in diameter, depending on the type of instrument and the
test specimen. Bring the hammer to the elevated position and
hardness and other physical characteristics of the diamond.
then allow it to fall and strike the test surface and measure the
height of rebound. When using the Model C Scleroscope bring
4.5 Supporting Devices—The three supporting devices used
thehammertotheelevatedpositionbysqueezingandreleasing
most frequently with the Scleroscope are (a) the clamping
the rubber bulb. Release the hammer by again squeezing the
stand,(b)theswingarmandpost,and(c)theroll-testingstand.
rubber bulb. The height to which the hammer rebounds on the
first bounce indicates the hardness of the material. When using
5. Test Specimens
the Model D Scleroscope bring the hammer to the elevated
5.1 Form—Specimens used in Scleroscope testing vary
position by turning the knurled control knob clockwise until a
greatly with respect to size and shape. Smaller specimens may
definite stop is reached. Release this control knob to allow the
be tested in the clamping stand which has a jaw capacity of 3
hammer to strike the specimen and observe the reading
in. (76 mm) high by 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm) deep. Large specimens,
recorded on the dial.The dial hand comes to rest at a value that
beyond the jaw capacity of the clamping stand, may be tested
indicates the hardness of the material. Although the dial hand
with the instrument mounted on the swing arm and post or the
returns momentarily to zero in the course of each test cycle, it
roll-testing stand. The swing arm and post has a height and
does not normally remain at zero.
reach capacity of 9 in. (230 mm) and 14 in. (360 mm),
7.2 Alignment—To prevent errors resulting from misalign-
respectively. The roll-testing stand may be used for mounting
ment the instrument must be set or held in a vertical position,
the instrument on cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 2 ⁄2
using the plumb bob or spirit level on the instrument to
in. (64 mm) and upward without limit. The roll-testing stand
determine verticality. The most accurate readings of the Scl-
may also be used for mounting the instrument on
...